Chevrolet - Chevy Express - Brochure - 1996 - 1996

I Supplement to the1996 Express andSavana uwner’s Manual This supplement includes thelatest inforrnation at the time of printing. We reserve the right to make changes in the product afer that time withoutfirther notice. For vehiclesfirst sold in Canada, substitute the name “General Motors of Canada ”for General Motors wherever it appears in this manual. @Copyright1996 General Motors Corporation.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. GENERAL MOTORS and the names EXPRESS and SAVANA are registered trademarksof General Motors Corporation. PART NUMBER 15029395 c’ This information replaces the “Removing the Rear Seat ’’ and “Replacing the RearSeat” portion located in Section 1 in your owner’s manual. Removing the Rear Seat 2. Lift the carpedmat flap atthe inboard side of the seat base in the rear. 1. Disconnect the quick release latch plates for the lap shoulder beltson the bench seat to be removed.To do this, press the tipof a key into the release holeof the safety belt buckle while pulling upon the safety belt. 2 3. Locate the red handle on the inboard side of the seat base, rotate thered handle up. 4. Once the red handle is rotated up, pull the handle to remove the locking pin. 5. Stow the locking pin on the rear of the seat base in the hole that is provided. 6. Repeat this procedure for the other seat base. 7. Remove the seat from the vehicle. 8. Install the trim covers to the floor rails. 3 The 1996 Chevrolet Express Owner’s Manual ............................................................. .................................................................. This section explains how to start and operate your vehicle. Comfort Controls and Audio Systems ..................................................... Seats and Restraint Systems This section tells you how to use your seats and safety belts properly.It also explains the “SIR’ system. FeaturesandControls 1-1 2-1 3-1 This section tells you how to adjust the ventilation and comfort controls andhow to operate your audio system. .............................................................. Here you’ll find helpful information and tips about the road and how to drive under different conditions. ProblemsontheRoad .................................................................. YourDrivingandtheRoad 4-1 5-1 This section tells you what to do if you have a problem while driving, such as a flat tire or overheated engine, etc. ............................................................ 6-1 Here the manual tells you how to keep your vehicle running properly and looking good. Maintenanceschedule .................................................................. 7-1 This section tells you when to perform vehicle maintenance and what fluids and lubricantsto use. CustomerAssistanceInformation ........................................................8-1 Service and Appearance Care This section tells you how to contact Chevrolet for assistance and how to get service and owner publications. It also gives you information on “Reporting Safety Defects” on page 8-8. Index ................................................................................ 9-1 Here’s an alphabetical listing of almost every subject in this manual. You can use it to quickly find something you want to read. i We support voluntary technician certification. u CHEVROLET GENERAL MOTORS,GM, the GM Emblem, CHEVROLET, the CHEVROLET Emblem and the name EXPRESS are registered trademarks of General Motors Corporation. This manual includes the latest information at the time it was printed. We reserve the right to make changes in the product after that time without further notice. For vehicles first sold in Canada, substitute the name “General Motors of Canada Limited” for Chevrolet Division whenever it appears in this manual. Please keep this manual in your vehicle, so it will be there if you ever need it when you’re on the road. If you sell the vehicle, please leave thismanual in it so the new owner canuse it. Litho in U.S.A. C9614 B First Edition ii WE SUPPORT VOLUNTARY TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION THROUGH National Institute for AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE EXCELLENCE For Canadian OwnersWho Prefer a French Language Manual: Aux propriktaires canadiens: Vous pouvez vous procurer un exemplaire dece guide en franGais chez votre concessionaire ou au: DGN Marketing Services Ltd. 1500 Bonhill Rd. Mississauga, Ontario L5T IC7 @CopyrightGeneral Motors Corporation 1996 All Rights Reserved How to Use this Manual Safety Warnings and Symbols Many people W d their owner’s manual from beginning to end when they first receive their new vehicle. If you do this, it will help you learn about the features and controls for yourvehicle. In this manual, you’ll find that pictures and words work together to explain things quickly. You will find a number of safety cautions in this book. We use a box and the word CAUTION to tell you about things that could hurt you if you were to ignore the warning. Index A good place to look for what you need is the Index in the back of the manual. It’s an alphabetical list of all that’s in the manual, and the page number where you’ll find it. In the caution area, we tell you what the hazard is. Then we tell you what to do to help avoid or reduce the hazard. Please read these cautions. If you don’t, you or others couldbe hurt. iii You will also find a circle with a slash through it in this book. This safety symbol means “Don’t,” “Don’t do this,” or “Don’t let this happen.’’ In the notice area, we tell you about somethingthat can damage your vehicle. Many times, this damage would not be covered by your warranty, and it could be costly. But the notice will tell you what to do to help avoid the damage. When you read other manuals, you might see CAUTION and NOTICE warnings in different colors or in different words. You’ll also seewarning labels on your vehicle. They use the same words, CAUTION or NOTICE. Vehicle Damage Warnings Also, in this book you will find these notices: 1 NOTICE: These mean thereis something that could damage your vehicle. iv Vehicle Symbols These aresome of the symbols you may find on your vehicle. For example, these symbols are used on an original battery: CAUTION POSSIBLE INJURY A These symbols are important for you and your passengers whenever your vehicle is driven: DOOR LOCK UNLOCK PROTECT EYES BY SHIELDING CAUSTIC BATTERY ACID COULD CAUSE BURNS These symbols have to do with your lights: TURN SIGNALS These symbols are on some of your controls: COOLANT TEMP ee SPARK OR FLAME COULD EXPLODE BATTERY ,\I/, FOG LAMPS -0 #0 -* VENTILATING FAN Here are some other symbols you may see: FUSE ENGINE OIL PRESSURE ANTI-LOCK BRAKES t LIGHTER (0) )tr a b HORN BRAKE COOLANT DAYTIME RUNNING LAMPS -- BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM WINDSHIELD DEFROSTER FASTEN SEAT BELTS These symbols are used on warning and indicator lights: SPEAKER e, FUEL m (@) V Model Reference This manual covers these models: Passenger Van Cargo Van vi 1 Cab and Chassis Section 1 Seats and Restraint Systems Here you'll find information aboutthe seats in your vehicle and how to use your safety belts properly. You can also learn about some thingsyou should nut do with air bags and safety belts. Manual Front Seats Seats and SeatControls This part tells you about the seats -- how to adjust them, take them out and put them back in. It also tellsyou about reclining front seatbacks. 1-1 The bucket seats can be adjusted forward or rearward with the lever at the front of the seat. Power Seat (Option) To adjust the seat, pull the lever up to release the seat bottom and slide the seat where you want it. Then release the lever and try to move the seat with your body, to make sure the seat is locked into place. I ’A CAUTION: You can lose controlof the vehicle if you tryto adjust a manual driver’s seat while the vehicle is moving. The sudden movement could startle and confuse you, or make you pusha pedal when you don’t want to. Adjust the driver’s seat only when the vehicle is not moving. 1-2 I If your vehicle has a power seat on the driver or passenger’s side, you can adjust it with this switch at the front center cushionof the seat. You can use these switches to move the seat where you want it. To raise the seat, move the center knob up. To Reclining Seatbacks lower the. seat, move the center knob down. To move the seat forward, move the center knob toward the right. To move the seat rearward, move the center knob toward the left. You can raise and lower the front and rear of the seat. To raise the front of the seat, move the right lever up. To lower it, move the right lever down. To raise the rear of the seat, move the left lever up. To lower it, move the left lever down. To adjust the seatback, lift the front of this lever which is located a t the inner edgeof the. seat cushion. Move the seatback with your body and release the lever to lock the seatback where yo11 want it. I x a n forward and pull u p on the front o f ' the lever and the seatback will go to an upright position. 1-3 A CAUTION: But don’t have a seatback reclined if your vehicle is moving. 1-4 Sitting in a reclined position whenyour vehicle is in motion can be dangerous. Even if you buckle up, your safety beltscan’t do theirjob when you’re reclined like this. The shoulder belt can’t do its job because it won’t be against your body. Instead, it will be in front of you. In a crash you could go into it, receiving neckor other injuries. The lap belt can’t do its job either. In a crash the belt could go up over your abdomen. The belt forces would be there, not at your pelvic bones. This could cause serious internal injuries. For proper protection when the vehicle is in motion, have the seatback upright. Then sit well back in the seatand wear your safety belt properly. IA Head Restraints Head restraintsare fixed OB some models and adjustable on others. Slidean adjustable head restraintup or down so that the topof the restraintis closest to thetop of your ears. This position reduces the chance of a neck injury in a crash. A safety belt that is twisted or not properly attached won't provide the protectionneeded in a crash. The person wearing the beltcould be i seriously injured. After installing the seat, always i check to be sure that thesafety belts are not twisted and are'properly attached. 1 Rear Seats 'A CAUTION: ' CAUTION: i rn A seat that isn't locked into place properly can move around in acollision or sudden stop. People in the vehicle could be injured. Be sure to lock the seat intoplace properly when installing it. - ~~ - I , 1-5 .. Removing the Rear Seat 3. Lift up on the latch lever located at the front of each seat support. The latch lever will stay in the up position. I . Disconnect the quick release latch plates for the lap shoulder belts on the bench seat to be removed. To do this, press the tip of a key into the release hole of the safety belt end release buckle while pulling up on the safety belt. 4. Roll the scat toward the open slots in both rails. Lift the seat up and out of both rails. 2. At the floor, remove the plastic trim covers in front of and behind the seat supports. 6. Install long trim covers to the front portion of the floor rails. 5 . Remove the seat from the vehicle. Replacing the Rear Seat 1. Position the seat into the open slots in both rails. Make sure that the latch levers at the front of the seat are in the up position. 2. Roll the seat to the set location and lock into place. ' 3. Lower the latch lever by lifting up on the release located at the mid-position of each seat support. Check that both sides of the seat are locked securely by trying to move the seat forward and backward. A click should be heard when the seat is locked in place. 4. At the floor, replace the plastic trim covers in front of and behind the seat supports. 5. Connect the quick release latch plates for the lap shoulder belts by inserting the latch plates into the buckles attached at the outboard positions of the bench seat. 1-7 Safety Belts: They’re for Everyone This part of the manual tells you how to use safety belts properly. It also tells you some things you should not do with safety belts. ’ Your vehicle has a light that comes on as a reminder to buckle up. (See “Safety Belt Reminder Light” in the Index.) And it explains the Supplemental Inflatable Restraint (SIR), or air bag system. I , / 1 \ CAUTION: Don’t let anyone ride where he or she can’t wear a safety belt properly. If you are in a crash and you’re not wearing a safety belt, your injuries can be much worse. You can hit thingsinside the vehicle or be ejected from it. You can be seriously injured or killed. In the same crash, you might not be if you are buckled up. Always fasten your safety belt, and check that your passengers’ belts are fastened properly too. In most states and Canadian provinces, the law says to wear safety belts. Here’s why: They work. You never know if you’ll be in a crash. If you do have a crash, you don’t know if it will be a bad one. A few crashes are mild, and some crashes can be so serious that even buckled up a person wouldn’t survive. But most crashes are in between. In many of them, people who buckle up can survive and sometimes walk away. Without belts they could have been badly hurt or killed. After more than 25 years of safety belts in vehicles, the facts are clear. In most crashes buckling up does matter ... a lot! 1-8 Why Safety BeltsWork When you ride in or on anything, you go as fast as it goes. e Put someoneon it. Take the simplestvehicle. Suppose it’s just a seat on wheels. 1-9 I Get it up to speed. Then stop the vehicle. The rider doesn't stop. 1-10 . ...... The person keeps going until stopped by something. In a real vehicle, it could be the windshield ... J or theinstrument panel ... or the safety belts! With safety belts, you slow down as the vehicle does. You get more time to stop. You stop over more distance, and your strongest bones take the forces. That’s why safety belts make such good sense. 1-11 Here Are QuestionsMany People Ask About Safety Belts-- and the Answers Won’t I be trapped in the vehicleafter an accident if I’m wearing a safety belt? A: You could be -- whether you’re wearing a safety belt or not. But you can unbuckle a safety belt, even if you’re upside down. And your chance of being conscious during and after an accident, so you can unbuckle and get out, is ~?zuch greater if you are belted. &= If my vehicle hasair bags, why shouldI have to wear safety belts? A: Air bags are in many vehicles today and will be in most of them in the future. But they are supplemental systems only; so they work ~ : i t h safety belts -- not instead of them. Every air bag system ever offered for sale has required the use of safety belts. Even if you’re in a vehicle that has air bags, you still have to buckle up to get the most protection. That’s true not only in frontal collisions, but especially in side and other collisions. 1-12 @ If I’m a good driver, and I never drive far from home, why should I wear safety belts? A: You may be an excellent driver, but if you’re in an accident -- even one that isn’t your fault -- you and your passengers can be hurt. Being a good driver doesn’t protect you from things beyond your control, such as bad drivers. Most accidents occur within 25 miles (40 km) of home. And the greatest number of serious injuries and deaths occur at speeds of less than 40 mph (65 km/h). Safety belts are for everyone. How to Wear Safety Belts Properly Adults This part is only for people of adult size. Be aware that there are special things to know about safety belts and children. And there are different rules for smaller children and babies. If a child will be riding in your vehicle, see the part of this manual called “Children.” Follow those rules for everyone’s protection. First, you’ll want to know which restraint systems your vehicle has. We’ll start with the driver position. Driver Position This part describes the driver’s restraint system. Lap-Shoulder Belt 3. Pick up the latch plate and pull the belt across you. Don’t let it get twisted. The driver has a lap-shoulder belt. Here’s how to wear it properly. 4. Push the latch plate into the buckle until it clicks. 1. Close and lock the door. 2. Adjust the seat (to see how, see “Seats” in the Index) so you can sit up straight. Pull up on the latch plate to make sure it is secure. If the belt isn’t long enough, see “Safety Belt Extender” at the end of this section. Make sure the release button on the buckle is positioned so you would be able to unbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 1-13 5. To make the lap part tight, pull down on the buckle end of the belt as you pull up on the shoulder belt. The lap part of the belt should be worn low andsnug on the hips, just touching the thighs. In a crash, this applies force to the strong pelvic bones. And you’d be less likely to slide under the lap belt. If you slid under it, the belt would apply force at your abdomen. This could cause serious or even fatal injuries. The shoulder belt should go over the shoulder and across the chest. These parts of the body are best able to take belt restraining forces. The safety belt locks if there’s a sudden stop or a crash. 1-14 ~ Shoulder Belt Height Adjuster Before you begin to drive, move the shoulder belt adjuster to the heightthat is right for you. , To move it down, push in at the word PRESS and move the height adjuster to the desired position. You can move the adjuster up just by pushing up on the shoulder belt guide. After you move the adjuster to where you want it, try to move it down without pushing in to make sure it has locked into position. Adjust the height so that the shoulder portion of the belt is centered on your shoulder. The belt should be away from your face and neck, but not falling off your shoulder. 1-15 What’s wrong with this? I You can be seriously hurt if your shoulder belt is too loose. In a crash, you would move forward too much, which could increase injury. The shoulder belt shouldfit against your body. A: The shoulder belt is too loose. It won’t give nearly as much protection this way. 1-16 Qz What's wrong with this? A CAUTION: m You can be seriously injured if your belt is buckled in thewrong place like this. In a crash, the belt would go up over your abdomen. The belt forces would be there, not at the pelvic bones. This could cause serious internal injuries. Always buckle your belt into thebuckle nearest you. A: The belt is buckled in the wrong place. 1-17 &: What’s wrong with this? .- &, CAb I’ION: I You can be seriously injured if your belt goes over an armrest like this. The belt would bemuch too high. In a crash, you can slide under thebelt. The belt force would then be applied at the abdomen, not at the pelvic bones, and thatcould cause serious or fatal injuries. Be sure thebelt goes under the armrests. A: The belt is over an armrest. What’s wrong with this? A CAUTICU: You can be seriously injured if you wear the shoulder belt under your arm. In a crash, your body would move too far forward, which would increase thechance of head and neck injury. Also, the belt would apply too much force to the ribs, which aren’t as strongas shoulder bones. You could also severely injure internal organs like your liver or spleen. A: The shoulder belt is worn under the arm. It should be worn over the shoulder at all times. 1-19 &.’ What’s wrong with this? You can be seriously injured by a twisted belt. In a crash, you wouldn’t have the full width of the belt to spread impact forces. If a belt is twisted, make it straightso it can work properly, orask your dealerto fix it. A: The belt is twisted across the body. Supplemental Inflatable Restraint (SIR) System This part explains the Supplemental Inflatable Restraint (SIR) system or air bag system. If it says SUPPLEMENTAL INFLATABLE RESTRAINT on the middle part of the steering wheel and there’s a right front passenger seat, your vehicle has two air bags -- one air bag for the driver and another air bagfor the right front passenger. To unlatch the belt, just push the button on the buckle. The belt should go back out of the way. Before you close the door, be sure the belt is out of the way. If you slam the door on it, you can damage both the belt and your vehicle. 1-21 If it says SUPPLEMENTAL INFLATABLE RESTRAINT on the middle part of the steering wheel but there is no right front passenger seat, your vehicle has an air bagfor the driver only. If it doesn’t say SUPPLEMENTAL INFLATABLE RESTRAINT on the middle part of the steering wheel, your vehicle doesn’t have air bags. Here are the most important things to know about the air bag system: You can be severelyinjured or killed in a crash if you aren’t wearing your safety belt even if you have an airbag. Wearing your safety belt during a crash helps reduce your chance of hitting things inside the vehicle or being ejected from it. The air bag is only a “supplemental restraint.” That is, it works with safety belts but doesn’t replace them. CAUTION: (Continued) -- 1-22 CAUTION: 0 Air bags are designed to work only in moderate to severe crashes where the front of your vehicle hits something. They aren’t designed to inflate at all in rollover, rear, side or low-speed frontal crashes. Everyone in your vehicle, including the driver, should wear a safety beltproperly whether or not there’san airbag for thatperson. -- IA C1”’ L ION: Air bags inflate with great force, faster than the blink of an eye. If you’re too closeto aninflating air bag, it could seriously injure you. Safety belts help keep you in position for anair bag inflation in a crash. Always wear your safety belt, even with an air bag. The driver should sit asfar back as possible while still maintaining control of the vehicle. If your vehicle has an air bag for the right front passenger, please read this: A CAUTION: r An inflating air bag can seriously injure small children. Always securechildren properly in your vehicle. To read how, see the part ofthis manual called “Children”and the caution label on the right front passenger’s safety belt. AIR BAG There is an air bag readiness light on the instrument panel, which shows AIR BAG. The system checks the air bag’s electrical system for malfunctions. The light tells you if there is an electrical problem. See “Air Bag Readiness Light” in the Index for more information. 1-23 How the Air Bag System Works Where is the air bag? The driver’s air bag is in the middle of the steering wheel. 1-24 The right front passenger’s air bagis in the instrument panel on the passenger’s side. Don’t put anything on, or attach anything to, the steeringwheel or instrumentpanel. Also, don’t put anything (such as pets or objects) between any occupantand the steeringwheel or instrument panel. And don’t hang anything from the assist handle on the passenger’s side of the instrument panel. If something is between an occupant and an airbag, it could affect the performance of the air bag or worse, it could cause injury. -- When should an air bag inflate? The air bag is designed to inflate in moderate to severe frontal or near-frontal crashes. The air bagwill inflate only if the impact speed is above the system’s designed “threshold level.” If your vehicle goesstraight into a wall that doesn’t move or deform, the threshold level is about 1 1 to 16 mph ( 1 8 to 26 km/h). The threshold level can vary, however, with specific vehicle design, so that it can be somewhat above or below this range. If your vehicle strikes something that will move or deform, such as a parked car, the threshold level will be higher. The air bag is not designed to inflate in rollovers, side impacts or rear impacts, because inflation would not help the occupant. In any particular crash, no one can say whether an air bag should have inflated simply because of the damage to a vehicle or because of what the repair costs were. Inflation is determined by the angle of the impact and the vehicle’s deceleration. Vehicle damage is only one indication of this. What makesan air bag inflate? In a frontal or near-frontal impact of sufficient severity, the air bag sensing system detects that the vehicle is suddenly stopping as a result of a crash. Thesensing system triggers a chemical reaction of the sodium azide sealed in the inflator. The reaction produces nitrogen gas, which inflates the air bag. The inflator, air bag and related hardware are all part of the air bag modules packed inside the steering wheel and in the instrument pane! in front of the right front passenger. 1-25 How does an air bag restrain? In moderate to severe frontal or near-frontal collisions, even belted occupants can contact the steering wheel or the instrument panel. The air bag supplements the protection provided by safety belts. Air bags distribute the force of the impact more evenly over the occupant’s upper body, stopping the occupant more gradually. But air bags would not help you in many types of collisions, including rollovers, rear impacts and side impacts, primarily because an occupant’s motion is not toward the air bag. Air bags should never be regarded as anything more than a supplement to safety belts, and then only in moderate to severe frontal or near-frontal collisions. What will you see after anair bag inflates? After the air bag inflates, it quickly deflates. This occurs so quickly that some people may not even realize the air bag inflated. Some componentsof the air bag module in the steering wheel hub for the driver’s air bag, or the instrument panel for the right front passenger’s bag, will be hot for a short time. The part of the bag that comes into contact with you may be warm, but it will never be too hot to touch. There will be some smoke and dust coming from vents in the deflated air bags. Air bag 1-26 inflation will not prevent the driver from seeing or from being able to steer the vehicle, nor will it stop people from leaving the vehicle. r - When an air bag inflates, there is dust in the air. This dust could cause breathing problems for people with a history of asthma or other breathing trouble. To avoid this, everyone in the vehicle should get outas soon as it is safe todo so. If you have breathing problems but can’t get out of the vehicle afteran air bag inflates, then get fresh air by opening a windowor door. The air bags are designed to inflate only once. After they inflate, you’ll need some new parts for your air bag system. If you don’t get them, the air bag system won’t be there to help protect you in another crash. A new system will include air bag modules and possibly other parts. The service manual for your vehicle covers the need to replace other parts. 0 0 Your vehicle is equippedwith a crash sensingand diagnostic module, which records information about the air bag system.The module records information about the readiness of the system, when the sensors are activated and driver’ssafety belt usage at deployment. Let only qualified technicians work on your air bag system. Improper servicecan mean that your air bag system won’t work properly. See your dealer for service. Servicing Your Air Bag-Equipped Vehicle Air bags affect how your vehicle should be serviced. There areparts of the air bag systemin several places around your vehicle. You don’t want the system to inflate while someoneis working on your vehicle. Your GM dealer and the service manual have information about servicing your vehicle and the air bag system.To purchase a service manual, see “Service and Owner Publications” in the Index. NOTICE: If you damage thecover for the driver’sor the right frontpassenger’s air bag, they may not work properly. You may have to replace the air bag module in the steeringwheel or both the air bag module and the instrumentpanel for the right frontpassenger’s air bag. Do not open or break the airbag covers. For upto 10 minutes after theignition key is turned off and the batteryis disconnected, an air bag canstill inflate during improperservice. You can be injured if you are close to an airbag when it inflates. Avoid wires wrapped with yellow tape or yellow connectors. They are probably part of the air bag system. Be sure to follow proper service procedures, and make surethe person performing work for you is qualified to doso. The air bag system does not need regular maintenance. 1 37 Adding Equipment toYour Air Bag-Equipped Vehicle &.” If I add a push bumperor a bicycle rack to the front of my vehicle, will it keep the air bags from working properly? A: As long as the push bumper or bicycle rack is attached to your vehicleso that the vehicle’s basic structure isn’t changed, it’s not likely to keep the air bags fromworking properly in a crash. 1-28 @ Is there anythingI might add to the front of the vehicle that could keep the air bags from working properly? A: Yes. If you add things that change your vehicle’s frame, bumper system, front end sheet metalor height, they may keep the air bag system from working properly. Also, the air bag system may not work properly if you relocate any of the air bag sensors. If you have any question about this, you should contact Customer Assistance before you modify your vehicle. (The phone numbers and addresses for Customer Assistanceare in Step Two of the Customer Satisfaction Procedure in this manual. See “Customer Satisfaction Procedure” in the Index.) The best way to protect the fetus is to protect the mother. When a safety belt is worn properly, it’s more likely that the fetus won’t be hurt in a crash. For pregnant women, as for anyone, the key to making safety belts effective is wearing them properly. Safety Belt Use During Pregnancy Safety belts work for everyone, including pregnant women. Like all occupants, they are more likely to be seriously injured if they don’t wear safety belts. i Right Front Passenger Position ...I The right front passenger’s safety belt works the same way as the driver’s safety belt. See “Driver Position” earlier in this section. ~ When the shoulder belt is pulled out all the way, it will lock. If it does, let it go back all the way and start again. Rear Seat Passengers It’s very important for rear seat passengers to buckle up! Accident statistics show that unbelted people in the rear seat are hurt more often in crashes than those who are wearing safety belts. Rear passengers who aren’t safety belted can be thrown out of the vehicle in a crash. And they can strike others in the vehicle who arewearing safety belts. A pregnant woman shouldwear a lap-shoulder belt, and the lap portion should be worn as low as possible, below the rounding, throughout the pregnancy. Rear Seat Outside Passenger Positions Lap-Shoulder Belt The positions next to the windows have lap-shoulder belts. Here’s how to wear one properly. 1. Pick up the latch plate and pull the belt across you. Don’t let it get twisted. 2. Push the latch plate into the buckle until it clicks. Pull up on the latch plate to make sure it is secure. When the shoulder belt is pulledout all the way, it will lock. If it does, let it go back all the way and startagain. If the belt is not long enough, see“Safety Belt Extender” at the end of this section. 1-30 Make sure the release button on the buckle is positioned so you would beable to unbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 3. To make the lap part tight, pull down on the buckle end of the belt as you pull up on the shoulder part. The lap part of the belt should be worn low and snug on the hips, just touching the thighs. In a crash, this applies force to the strong pelvic bones. And you'd be less likely to slide under the lap belt, If you slid under it, the belt would apply force at your abdomen. This could cause serious or even fatal injuries. The shoulder belt should go overthe shoulder and across the chest. These parts of the body are best able to take belt restraining forces. 1-31 The safety belt locks if there’s a sudden stop ora crash. - - A CAUTION: You can be seriously hurt if your shoulder belt is too loose. In a crash, you would move forward too much, which could increase injury. The shoulder belt shouldfit against your body. To unlatch the belt, just push the button on the buckle. 1-32 Center Passenger Position Lap Belt If your vehiclehas rear bench seats, someonecan sit in the center positions. When you sit in a center seatingposition, you have a lap safety belt, which has no retractor. To make the belt longer, tilt the latch plate and pull it along the belt. 1-33 Children Everyone in a vehicle needs protection! That includes infants and all children smallerthan adult size. In fact, the law in every state in the United States and in every Canadian province says children up to some age must be restrained while in a vehicle. Smaller Children and Babies (Except Cargo Vans with Passt-- r Air B I To make the belt shorter, pull its free end as shown until the belt is snug. -Buckle, position and release it the same way as the lap part of a lap-shoulder belt. If the belt isn’t long enough, see “Safety Belt Extender” at the end of this section. Make sure the release button on the buckle is positioned so you would be able to unbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 1-34 Smaller children and babies should always be restrained in a child or infant restraint. The instructions for the restraint will say whether it is the righttype and size for your child. A very young child’s hip bones are so small that a regular belt might not stay low on the hips, as it should. Instead, thebelt will likely beover the child’s abdomen. In a crash, thebelt would apply force right on the child’s abdomen, which could cause serious or fatal injuries. So, be sure that any child small enough for one is always properly restrained in a child or infant restraint. r I heavy you can’t hold it. For example, in a crash at only 25 mph (40 km/h), a 12-lb. (5.5 kg) baby will suddenly become a 240-lb. (110 kg) force on your arms. Thebaby would be almost impossible to hold. Secure the baby in an infant restraint. Never hold a baby in your arms while riding in a vehicle. A baby doesn’t weigh much until a crash. During a crash a baby will become so CAUTION: (Continued) -- Smaller Children and Babies (Cargo Vans with Passenger AirBags) A very young child’s hip bones are so small that a regular belt might not stay low on the hips, as it should. Instead, thebelt will likely be over the child’s abdomen. In a crash, thebelt would apply force right on the child’s abdomen, which could cause serious or fatalinjuries. Smaller children and babies should always be restrained in a child restraint. However, infants, who should be restrained in a rear-facing child restraint, cannot ride safely in this vehicle. The instructions for the restraint will say whether it is the righttype and size for your child. If a forward-facing child restraint is suitable for your child, be sure the child is always properly restrained while riding in thisvehicle. A CAUTION: Never hold a baby in your arms while riding in a vehicle. A baby doesn’t weigh much until a crash. During a crash a baby will become so heavy you can’t hold it. For example, in a crash CAUTION: (Continued) -- I 1-36 I I CAUTIOPT. ipontinuedi at only 25mph (40 km/h), a 12-1b. (5.5 kg) baby will suddenly become a 240-lb. (110 kg) force on your arms. The babywould be almost impossible to hold. Child Restraints Be sure the child restraint is designed to beused in a vehicle. If it is, it will have a label saying that it meets Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Then follow the instructions forthe restraint. You may find these instructionson the restraint itself or in a booklet, or both. These restraintsuse the belt system in your vehicle, but the child also hasto besecured within the restraint to help reduce the chanceof personal injury. The instructions that come with the infant or child restraint will show you how to do that. passenger air bag,neuer put a rear-facing child restraint in the front passenger seat. Here’s why: IA I CAUTION: A child in a rear-facing child restraint can be seriously injured if the right frontpassenger’s air bag inflates. This isbecause the back of a rear-facing child restraint would be very closeto the inflatingair bag. If your vehicle has a right front passenger’s air bag, always secure a rear-facing child restraint in a rear seat. You may, however,secure a forward-facingchild restraint in the right frontseat. Before you secure a forward-facingchild restraint, always movethe front passenger seat as far back as itwill go. Or, secure the child restraint in arear seat. Where to Put the Restraint (Except Cargo Vans and Cab and Chassis Models) Wherever you install it, be sure to securethe child -estraint properly. Accident statistics showthat children are saferif they are restrained in the rear rather than the front seat. We at General Motors therefore recommend that you put your child restraint in a rear seat. If your vehicle has a front Keep in mind that an unsecured child restraint can move around in a collisionor sudden stop and injure people in the vehicle. Be sure to properly secure any child restraint in your vehicle -- even when no child is in it. 1-37 Where to.Put the Restraint (Cargo Vans and Cab and Chassis Models) Top Strap The childrestraint must be secured properly in the passenger seat. If your vehicle has a passenger air bag, never-put a rear-facing child restraint in this vehicle. Here's why: r" A child in a rear-facing child restraint can be seriously injured if the passenger's air bag inflates. Thisis because the back of a rear-facing child restraint would be very closeto the inflating air bag. Do not use a rear-facing child restraint in this vehicle. If a forward-facing child restraint is suitable for your child, always movethe passenger seat asfar back as itwill go. Keep in mind that an unsecured child restraint can move around in a collision or sudden stop and injure people in the vehicle. Be sure to properly secure any child restraint in your vehicle' -- even when no child is in it. 1-38 If your child restraint has a top strap, itshould be anchored. If you need to have an anchor installed, you can askyour GM dealer to put it in for you. If you want to install an anchor yourself, your 'dealer can tell you how to do it. Securing a Child Restraint in a Rear Outside Seat Position around the restraint. The child restraint instructions will show you how. If the shoulder belt goes in front of the child’s face or neck, put it behind the child restraint. You’ll be using the lap-shoulder belt.See the earlier part about the top strap if the child restraint has one. 1. Put the restraint on the seat. Follow the instructions for the child restraint. 2. Secure the child in the child restraint as the instructions say. 3. Pick up the latch plate, and run the lap and shoulder portions of the vehicle’s safety belt through or 4. Buckle the belt. Make sure the release button is positioned so you would be able to unbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 1-39 5. Pull the rest of the shoulder beltall the way out of the retractor to set the lock. 6. To tighten the belt, feed the shoulder belt back into the retractor while you push down on the child restraint. 7. Push and pull the child restraint in different directions to be sure it is secure. To remove the child restraint, just unbuckle the vehicle’s safety belt and let it go back all the way. The safety belt will move freely again and be ready to work for an adult or larger child passenger. 1-40 Securing a Child Restraintin a Center Seat Position You’ll be using the lap belt. I . Make the belt as long aspossible by tilting the latch plate and pulling it along the belt. See the earlier part about the top strap if the child restraint has one. 2. Put the restraint on the seat. Follow the instructions for the child restraint. 3. Secure the child in the child restraint as the instructions say. 1-41 4. Run the vehicle’s safety belt through or around the restraint. The child restraint instructions will show you how. 7. Push and pull the child restraint in different directions to be sure it is secure. If it isn’t, secure the restraint in a different place in the vehicle and contact the child restraint maker for their advice about how to attach the child restraint properly. To remove the child restraint, just unbuckle the vehicle’s safety belt. It will be ready to work for an adult or larger child passenger. Securing a Child Restraintin the Right Front Seat Position 5. Buckle the belt. Make sure the release button is positioned so you would be able tounbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 6. To tighten the belt, pull its free end while you push down on the child restraint. 1-42 If your vehicle has a front passenger air bag, n.ever put a rear-facing child restraint in this seat.Here’s why: You’ll be using the lap-shoulder belt. See the earlier part about the top strap if the child restraint has one. I A CAUTION: - 1. If your vehicle has a front passenger air bag, always A child in a rear-facingchild restraint can be seriously injured if the front passenger’s air bag inflates. This is because the back of a rear-facing child restraint would be very close to the inflating air bag. If your vehicle is a passenger van, always secure a rear-facingchild restraint in a rear seat. If your vehicle is a cargovan, do not use a rear-facing child restraint in thisvehicle. If a forward-facing child restraint is suitable for your child, always move the passenger seat as far back as it will go. move the seat as farback as it will go before securing a forward-facing childrestraint. (See “Seats” in the Index.) 2. Put the restraint on the seat. Follow the instructions for the child restraint. 3. Secure the child in the child restraint as the instructions say. 4. Pick up the latch plate, and run the lap and shoulder portions of the vehicle’s safety belt through or around the restraint. The childrestraint instructions will show you how. If the shoulder belt goes in front of the child’s face or neck, put it behind the child restraint. 1-43 5. Buckle the belt. Make sure the release button is positioned so you would be able to unbuckle the safety belt quickly if you ever had to. 1-44 6. Pull the rest of the shoulder belt all the way out of the retractor to set the lock. Larger Children ., 7. To tighten the belt, feed the shoulderbelt back into the retractor while you push down on the child restraint. 8. Push and pull the child restraint in different directions to be sure it is secure. To remove the childrestraint, just unbuckle the vehicle’s safety belt and let it go back all the way. The safety belt will move freely again and be ready to work for an adult or larger child passenger. Children whohave outgrown child restraints should wear the vehicle’s safety belts. If you have the choice, a child should sit next to a window so the child can wear a lap-shoulder belt and get the additional restraint a shoulder belt canprovide. 1-45 Accident statistics show that children are safer if they are restrained in the rear seat. But they need to use the safety belts properly. Children who aren’t buckled up can be thrown out in a crash. Children who aren’t buckled up can strike other people who are. 1-46 Never do this. Here two children are wearing the same belt. The belt can’t properly spread theimpact forces. In a crash, thetwo children can be crushed together and seriously injured. A belt must be used by only one person at a time. Q: What if a child is wearing a lap-shoulder belt, but thechild is so small that the shoulder belt is very closeto the child’s face or neck? A: Move the child toward the center of the vehicle, but be sure that the shoulder belt still is on the child’s shoulder, so that in a crash thechild’s upper body would have the restraint that belts provide. If the child is so small that the shoulder belt is still very close to the child’s face or neck, you might want to place the child in a seat that has a lap belt, if your vehicle has one. Never do this. Here a child issitting in a seat that has a lap-shoulder belt, but the shoulder part is behind the child. If the child wears the belt in this way, in a crash thechild might slide under thebelt. The belt’s force would then be applied right on the child’s abdomen. That could cause serious or fatal injuries. Wherever the child sits,the lap portion of the belt should be worn low and snug on the hips, just touching the child’s thighs. This applies belt forceto the child’s pelvic bones in a crash. 1-47 Safety Belt Extender If the vehicle’s safety belt will fasten around you, you Replacing Restraint System Parts After a Crash should use it. If you’ve had a crash, do you need new belts? But if a safety belt isn’t long enough to fasten,your dealer will order you an extender. It’s free. When you go in to order it, take the heaviest coat you will wear, so the extender will be long enough for you. The extenderwill be justfor you, and just for the seat in your vehicle that you choose. Don’t let someone else use it, and use it only for the seat it is made to fit. To wear it, just attach it to the regular safety belt. After a very minor collision, nothing may be necessary. But if the belts were stretched, as they would be if worn during a more severe crash,then you need new belts. Checking Your Restraint Systems Now and then, make sure the safety belt reminder light and all your belts, buckles, latch plates, retractors and anchorages areworking properly. Look for any other loose or damaged safety belt system parts. Tf you see anything that might keep a safety belt system from doing itsjob, have it repaired. Torn or frayed safety belts may not protect you in a crash. They can rip apart under impact forces. If a belt is torn or frayed, get a new one right away. Also look for any opened or broken air bag covers, and have them repaired or replaced. (The air bag system does not need regular maintenance.) 1-48 I f belts are cut or damaged, replace them. Collision damage also may mean you will need to have safety belt or seatparts repaired or replaced. New parts and repairs may be necessary even if the belt wasn’t being used at the time of the collision. If an air bag inflates, you’ll need to replace air bag system parts. See the part on the air bag system earlier in this section. NOTES 1-49 NOTES 1-50 Section 2 FeaturesandControls Here you can learn about the many standard and optional features on your vehicle, and information on starting, shifting and braking. Also explained arethe instrument panel and the warning systems that tell you if everything is working properly -- and what to do if you have a problem. Keys Leaving young children in a vehicle with the ignition key is dangerous for many reasons. A child or others couldbe badly injured or even killed. They could operate power windowsor other controls or even make the vehicle move. Don't leave the keys in a vehicle with young children. 2-1 Your vehicle has one double-sided key for the ignition and all door locks. The bar-coded tag has a code on it that tells your dealer or a qualified locksmith how to make extra keys. Keep this tag in a safe place. If you lose your key, you’ll be able to have a new one made easily using this tag. NOTICE: If you ever lose your key, your dealer will be able to assist you with obtaining a new one. 2-2 Your vehiclehas a number of new features that can help prevent theft. But you can have a lot of trouble getting into yourvehicle if youever lock your key inside. You may even have to damage your vehicle to get in. So be sure you have an extra key. To lock the door fromthe inside, slide the lever on your door down. Door Locks A CAUTION: To unlock the door, slide the lever up. Unlocked doors canbe dangerous. Passengers especially children can easily open the doorsand fall out.When a door is locked, the inside handle won’t open it. Outsiders can easily enter through anunlocked !. door when you slowdown or stop your vehicle This may not be so obvious: You increase the chance of being thrown outof the vehicle in a crash if the doors aren’tlocked. Wear safety b properly, lock your doors,and you will befar better off whenever you drive your vehicle. -- -- Power Door Locks (Option) Press the bottom side of the power door lock switch to lock the doors at once. There are several waysto lock and unlock your vehicle. From the outside, use your key. When a door is locked, the inside door handle will notwork. 2-3 Child Security Locks Child security locks are located on the passenger side rear cargo door,the side sliding door or the front portion of the 60/40 side swing out door. 1 1 With this feature, you can I r CHILD SECURITY LOCK Move the button to the left to engage the security feature. Move the button to the right to return the door locks to normal operation. dI Side Sliding Door Printed In U.S.A. I I Rear Cargo Door 2-4 to normal operation. Keyless Entry SysteeJ If your vehicle has this option,you can lock and unlock your doors fromup to 30 feet (9 m) away using the key chain transmitter suppliedwith your vehicle. Your Keyless Entry System operates on a radio frequency subject to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Changes or modifications to this system by other than an authorized service facility could void authorization to use this equipment. Operation BfF This device complieswith Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subjectto the following two conditions: ( 1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference thatmay cause undesired operation. Should interference to this system occur, try this: 0 Check to determine if battery replacement is necessary. See the instructions on battery replacement. 0 Check the distance. You may be too far from your vehicle. This product has a maximum range. 0 Check the location. Other vehiclesor objects may be blocking the signal. 0 See your GM dealer or a qualified technician for service. To unlock the driver’s door, press the UNLOCK button. If you press this button again within five seconds, all the doors will unlock. Press the REAR button to unlock the rear door only. When the UNLOCK or REAR button is pressed, the interior dome lamps are turned on for 40 seconds or until the ignition switch is activated. 2-5 MatchingTransmitter(s) To YourVehicle Each key chain transmitter is coded to prevent another transmitter from unlocking your vehicle. If a transmitter is lost or stolen, a replacement can be purchased through your dealer. Remember to bring any remaining transmitters with you when you go to your dealer. When the dealer matches the replacement transmitter to your vehicle, any remaining transmitters must also be matched. Once the new transmitter is coded, the lost transmitter will not unlock your vehicle. Each vehicle can have only two transmitters matched to it. 2. Twist the dime to separate the two halves of the transmitter housing. Separate the housing, bottom half first. Battery Replacement Under normal use, the batteries in your key chain transmitter should last about two years. You can tell the batteries are weak if the transmitter won’t work at the normal range in any location. I f you have toget close to your vehicle before the transmitter works, it’s probably time to change the batteries. 3. Remove and replace the batteries. Put the new batteries in with the printed side down. Use two Duracell@type DL2016 batteries or a similar type. To replace the batteries: 4. Align the halves of the housing and snap them together. 1. Insert a dime in the side seam of the transmitter housing near the key ring hole. 2-6 Your Doors and How They Work Front Doors To open the door from the outside, pull the handle and pull the door open. To open the door from the inside, pull the lever toward you and push the door open. 60140 Swing-Out Side Door To open the “60” (front) portion of a 60/40 door from the inside, pull the handle toward you and push open the door. To open the “60” (front) portion of a 60/40 door from the outside, pull up on the handle and pull the handle toward you. 2-7 To open the door beyond 90 degrees, close the door partially, pull the check strap outward at the spring hole and then open the door. When you close the. door, the check strap will automatically re-engage. Sliding Side Door (Option) To open the “40” (rear) portion of a 60/40 door from the outside, pull the handle on the side of the rear door and pull it toward you. To close the side doors, close the “40” (rear) door first. Then close the “60” (front) door. Check to make sure both doors are completely closed. The front side swing-out door has a check strap assembly in the door frame to keep the door from opening beyond 90 degrees. 2-8 To open the sliding side door from outside, pull the handle toward the rear of the vehicle. Then, slide the door toward the rear of the vehicle to open. To close the sliding side door from outside, use the outside door handle to slide the door toward the front of the vehicle. When the door slides shut completely, it will be flush with the side of the body. To open the sliding door from inside, pull the handle and slide the door toward the rear of the vehicle. Rear Doors To close the sliding door from inside, grasp the inside handle and slide the door toward the front of the vehicle to a closed position. Make sure the door is completely shut before driving your vehicle. 2-10 To open the rear doors from the outside, open the passenger side rear door first. Pull the the handle toward you to open the door. A CAUTION: To open the driver side rear door, pull the latch release lever at the inside edge of the door. Both rear doors canbe opened past 90 degrees by opening the doors past the first detent (90 degrees open), then opening fully. To close the rear doors, close the driver side rear door first. Then, closethe passenger side rear door. Check to make sure both doors are completely closed. It can be dangerous to drivewith the rear doors open because carbon monoxide (CO) gas can come into your vehicle. You can’t see or smell CO. It can cause unconsciousness and even death. If you must drive with the reardoors open or if electrical wiring or othercable connections must pass through the seal between the body and the rear doors: 0 Make sure all windows are shut. 0 l b r n the fan on your heating or cooling system to its highest speed with the setting on VENT, HEAT, BLEND or DEF. Additionally, on vehicles with heatinglair conditioning systems, NORM A/C or BI-LEV A/C can be used. That will force outside air into your vehicle. See “Comfort Controls” in theIndex. If you have air outlets onor under the instrument panel, open them all theway. See “Engine Exhaust” in theIndex. 2-11 Theft Parking at Night Vehicle theft is big business, especially in some cities. Although your vehicle has a number of theft-deterrent features, we know that nothing we put on it can make it impossible to steal. However, there are ways you can help. Park in a lighted spot, closeall windows and lock your vehicle. Remember to keep your valuables out of sight. Put them in a storage area, or take them with you. Key in the Ignition If you leave your vehicle with the keys inside, it’s an easy target for joy riders or professional thieves -- so don’t do it. When you park your vehicle and open the driver’s door, you’ll hear a tone remindingyou to remove your key from the ignition and take it with you. Always do this. Your steering wheel will be locked, and so will your ignition and transmission. And remember to lock the doors. 2-12 Parking Lots If you park in a lot where someone will be watching your vehicle, it’s best to lock it up and take your keys. But what if you have to leave your ignition key? What if you have to leave something valuable in your vehicle? Put your valuables in a storage area, like your glove box. Lock all the doors except the driver’s. New Vehicle “Break-In” Your key lets you turn the ignition switch to five different positions. NOTICE: Your modern vehicle doesn’t needan elaborate “break-in.” But it will perform betterin the long run if you followthese guidelines: 0 Keep your speed at 55 mph (88 km/h) or less for the first500 miles (804 km). 0 Don’t1 drive at any one speed fast or slow for thefirst 500 miles -(SO4km).7 Don’t make full-throttlestarts. 0 Avoid making hard stops for the first 200 miles (322 km) or so. During thistime your new brake linings aren’t yet broken in. Hard stops with new linings can mean premature wear and earlierreplacement. Follow this breaking-inguideline every time you get newbrake linings. 0 Don’t towa trailer duringbreak-in. See “Towing a Trailer” in the Indexfor more information. -- Ignition Switch C I -- E ACCESSORY (A): ACCESSORY lets you use things like the radio, power windows and the windshield wipers when the engine is off. To get into ACCESSORY, push in the key and turn it toward you. Your steering wheel will remain locked,just as it was before you inserted the key. 2-13 LOCK (B): This position locks your ignition, steering wheel and transmission. It’s a theft-deterrent feature. You will only be able to remove your key when the Starting Your Gasoline Engine If you have a diesel engine, see “Starting Your Diesel Engine” in the Diesel Engine Supplement. ignition is turned to LOCK. Move your shift lever to PARK (P) or NEUTRAL (N). Your engine won’t start in any other position -- that’s a safety feature. To restart when you’re already moving, use NEUTRAL (N) only. OFF (C): This position lets you turn off the engine but still turn the steering wheel. It doesn’t lock the steering wheel like LOCK. Use OFF if you must have your vehicle in motion while the engine is off (for example, if your vehicle is being pushed). I NOTICE: RUN (D): This is the position for driving. START (E): This starts your engine. I NOTICE: If your key seemsstuck in LOCK and you can’t turn it, be sure it is all the way in. If it is, then turn the steeringwheel left and right while you turn the key hard. But turn the key only with your hand. Using a tool to force it could break the key or the ignition switch. If none of this works, then your vehicle needs service. 2-14 ~ Don’t try to shiftto PARK (P) if your vehicle is moving. If you do, you could damage the transmission. Shift to PARK (P) only when your vehicle is stopped. 1. Without pushing the accelerator pedal, turn your ignition key to START. When the engine starts, let go of the key, The idle speed will go down as your engine gets warm. NOTICE: Holding your key in START for longer than 15 seconds at a time will cause your battery tobe drained much sooner. And the excessive heat can damage yourstarter motor. 2. If it doesn’t start right away, hold your key in START. If it doesn’t start in 10 seconds, push the accelerator pedal all the way down for five more seconds, or until it starts. NOTICE: Your engine is designed to work with the electronics in your vehicle. If youadd electrical parts oraccessories, you could change the way the engine operates. Before adding electrical equipment, check with your dealer. If you don’t, your engine might not perform properly. If you ever have to have your vehicle towed, see the part of this manual thattells how to do it without damaging your vehicle. See “Towing Your Vehicle” in the Index. 3. If your engine still won’t start (or starts but then stops), wait 15 seconds and start over. When the engine starts, let go of the key and the accelerator pedal. 2-15 Engine Coolant Heater (Option) Plugging the cord into an ungrounded outlet could cause an electrical shock. Also, the wrong kind of extension cord could overheat and cause a fire. You could be seriously injured. Plug the cord intoa properly grounded three-prong 110-volt AC outlet. If the cord won’t reach, use a heavy-duty three-prong extension cord rated for at least 15 amps. - In very cold weather, 0°F (- 1SOC) or colder, the engine coolant heater can help. You’ll get easier starting and better fuel economy during engine warm-up. Usually, the coolant heater should be plugged in a m i n i m u m of four hours prior to starting your vehicle. To use the coolant heater: 1. Turn off the engine. 2. Open the hood and unwrap the electrical cord. 3. Plug it into a normal, grounded 1 10-volt AC outlet. 2-16 4. After you’ve used the coolant heater, be sure to store the cord as it was before to keep it away from moving engine parts. If you don’t, it could be damaged. How long should you keep the coolant heater plugged in? The answer dependson the outside temperature, the kind of oil you have, and some other things. Instead of trying to list everything here, we ask that you contact a GM dealer in the area where you’ll be parking your vehicle. The dealer can give you the best advice for that particular area. Automatic Transmission Operation There are several different positions for your shift lever. If your vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, it now features an electronic shift position indicator within the instrument cluster. This display must be powered anytime the shift lever is capable of being moved out of the PARK (P) position. This means that if your key is in the OFF position, but not locked, there will be a small current drain on your battery which could discharge your battery over a period of time. If you have a need to leave your key in the ignition in the OFF position for an extended period for any reason, it is recommended that you disconnect the battery cable from the battery to prevent discharging your battery. PARK (P): This locks your rear wheels. It’s the best position to use when you start your engine because your vehicle can’t move easily. A CAUTIO : It is dangerous toget out of your vehicle ifthe shift lever is not fully in PARK (P) with the parking brake firmlyset. Your vehiclecan roll. Don’t leave your vehicle when the engine is running unless youhave to. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure your vehicle won’t move, even when you’re on fairly level ground, always set your parkingbrake and move the shift lever to PARK (P). See “Shifting Into PARK (P)” in the Index. If you’re pulling a trailer, see “Towinga Trailer’’ in the Index. Your vehicle has a brake-transmission shift interlock. With the ignition in the RUN position, you must fully apply your regular brakes before you can shift from PARK (P). 2-17 ’ If you cannot shiftout of PARK (P), ease pressure on the shift lever andpush the shift lever all the way into PARK (P) asyou continue pressing the brake pedal. Then move the shift lever into the gear you want. If you still cannotshift the shift lever outof PARK (P), see “Shifting Out of PARK (P)” later in this section. REVERSE (R): Use this gear to backup. NOTICE: U Shifting out of PARK (P)or NEUTRAL (N) while your engine is“racing” (running at high speed) isdangerous. Unless your foot is firmly on the brake pedal, your vehicle could move very rapidly. You could losecontrol andhit people or objects. Don’t shift outof PARK (P) or NEUTRAL (N) while your engine is racing. Shifting into REVERSE (R)while your vehicle is moving forward could damage your transmission. Shift to REVERSE (R) onlyafter your vehicle I is stopped. To rock yourvehicle back and forth to get out of snow, ice or sandwithout damaging yourtransmission, see “Stuck: In Sand, Mud, Ice or Snow”in the Index. NEUTRAL (N): In this position, your enginedoesn’t connect with the wheels. To restart when you’re already moving, use NEUTRAL, (N) only. Also, use NEUTRAL (N) when your vehicle is being towed. 2-18 NOTICE: Damage to your transmission caused by shifting out of PARK (P) or NEUTRAL (N) with the engine racing isn’t coveredby your warranty. DRIVE (D): This position is for normal driving. If you FIRST (1): This position gives you even more power need more power for passing, and you’re: (but lower fuel economy) than SECOND (2). You can use it on very steep hills, or in deep snow or mud. If the selector lever is put in FIRST (l),the transmission won’t shift into first gear until the vehicle is going slowly enough. Going less than about 35 mph (56 km/h), push your accelerator pedal about halfway down. Going about 35 mph (56 k d h ) or more, push the accelerator all the way down. You’ll shift down to the next gear and have more power. You should use DRIVE (D) (or, as you need to, a lower gear) when towing a trailer. Operating your vehicle in DRIVE (D) when towing a trailer will minimize heat build-up and extend the life of your transmission. THIRD (3): This position is also used for normal driving, however, it offers more power and lower fuel economy than DRIVE (D).You should use THIRD(3) when carrying a heavy load or driving on steep hills. SECOND (2): This position gives you more power but lower fuel economy.You can use SECOND (2) on hills. It can help control yourspeed as you go down steep mountainroads, but then you would also want to use your brakes off and on. If you manually select SECOND (2), the transmission will drive in second gear. You may use this feature for reducing torque to the rear wheels when you are trying to start your vehicle from a stopon slippery road surfaces. NOTICE: - - -- If your rear wheels can’t rotate, don’t try to drive. This might happen if you are stuck in very deep sand or mud or are up against a solid object. You could damage your transmission. Also, if you stop when going uphill, don’t hold your vehicle there with only the accelerator pedal. This could overheat and damage the transmission. Use your brakesor shift into PARK (P) to hold your vehicle in positionon a hill. 2-19 Locking Rear Axle If you have this feature, your rear axle can give you additional traction on snow, mud, ice, sand or gravel. It works like a standard axle most of the time, but when one of the rear wheels has no traction and the other does, the locking feature will allow the wheel with traction to move the vehicle. Parking Brake To set the parking brake, hold the regular brake pedal down with your right foot. Push down the parking brake pedal with your left foot. If the ignition is on, the brake system warning light will come on. To rclease the parking brake, hold the regular brake pedal down. PLIII thehandle, located just above the pal-king brake pedal. marked BRAKE RELEASE to release the parking brake. I f the ignition is o n when the parking brake is released, the brake system warning light will go off. 2-20 NOTICE: Driving with the parking brakeon can cause your rear brakes tooverheat. You may have to replace them, and you could also damage other parts of your vehicle. Always check to be sure your parking brake is fully released before you drive. If you are towing a trailer and are parking o n any hill, see “Towing a Trailer” in the Index. That section shows what to do first to keep the trailer from moving. Shifting I: :o 11 C (P) I A CAUTIJN: I It can be dangerous toget out of your vehicle if the shift lever is not fully in PARK (P) with the parking brakefirmly set. Your vehiclecan roll. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others could be injured. To be sure your vehicle won’t move, even when you’re onfairly level ground, use the steps thatfollow. If you’re pulling a trailer, see “Towing a Trailer” in theIndex. 1. Hold the brake pedal down with your right foot and set the parking brake. 2. Move the shift lever into PARK (P) position like this: Move the lever up as far as it will go. Pull the lever toward you. 2-22 3. Move the ignition key to LOCK. 4. Remove the key and take it with you. I f you can leave your vehicle with the ignition key in your hand, your vehicle is in PARK (P). Leaving Your Vehicle With the Engine Running A CAUTION: It canbe dangerous to leave your vehicle with the engine running.Your vehicle could move suddenly if the shift leveris not fully inPARK (P) with the parking brake firmly set. And, if you leave the vehicle with the engine running, it could overheat and even catch fire. You or others could be injured. Don’t leave your vehicle with the engine running unless you have to. Torque Lock If you are parking on a hill and you don’t shift your transmission into PARK (P) properly, the weight of the vehicle may put too much force on the parking pawl in the transmission. You may find it difficult topull the shift lever out of PARK (P). This is called “torque lock.” To prevent torque lock, set the parking brake and then shift into PARK (P) properly before you leave the driver’s seat. To find out how, see “Shifting Into PARK (P)” in the Index. When you are ready to drive, move the shift lever out of PARK (P) before you release the parking brake. If torque lock does occur, you may need to have another vehicle push yours a little uphill to take some of the pressure from the transmission,so you can pull the shift lever outof PARK (P). Shifting Out of PARK (P) Your vehicle has a brake-transmission shift interlock system. You have to fully apply your regular brakes before you can shift from PARK (P). See “Automatic Transmission” in the Index. If you cannot shiftout of PARK (P), ease pressureon the shift lever and push the shift lever all the way up into PARK (P) as you maintain brake application. Then, move the shift lever intothe gear you want. If you ever hold the brake pedal down but still can’t shift out of PARK (P), try this: 1. Turn the key to OFF. 2. Apply and hold the brake until the end of Step 4. 3. Shift to NEUTRAL (N). 4. Start the vehicle andthen shift to the drive gear you want. 5. Have the brake-transmission shift interlock system fixed as soon as you can. 2-23 Parking Over Things That Burn Engine Exhaust A CAU‘-ION: Things that can burn could touch hot exhaust parts underyour vehicle and ignite. Don’t park over papers, leaves, dry grass or other things that can burn. 2-24 Engine exhaust can kill. It contains the gas carbon monoxide (CO),which you can’t see or smell. It can cause unconsciousness and death. You might have exhaust coming in if: Your exhaust system sounds strange or different. Your vehicle gets rusty underneath. Your vehicle was damaged in a collision. Your vehicle was damaged when driving over high points on the road or over road debris. Repairs weren’t done correctly. Your vehicle or exhaust system had been modified improperly. If you ever suspect exhaust is coming into your vehicle: 0 Drive it only with all the windows down to blow out any CO; and 0 Have your vehicle fixed immediately. Running Your Engine While You’re Parked It’s better not to park with the engine running. ifBut you ever have to, here are some things know. to Idling theengine with the air system control off could allowdangerous exhaust into your vehicle (see the earlier Caution under “Engine Exhaust”). Also, idling in a closed-in place can let deadly carbon monoxide (CO) into yourvehicle evenif the fanswitch is at the highest setting. One place this can happenis a garage. Exhaust with CO can come in easily. NEVER park in a garage with the engine running. Another closed-in place can be a blizzard. (See “Blizzard” in theIndex.) -- -- It can be dangerous toget out of your vehicle if the shiftlever isnot fully in PARK (P) with the parking brake firmlyset. Your vehiclecan roll. Don’t leave your vehicle whenthe engine is running unless you have to. If you’ve left the engine running, thevehicle can move suddenly. You or otherscould be injured.To be sure your vehicle won’t move, even when you’re on fairly level ground, always set your parkingbrake and move the shiftlever to PARK (P). Follow the proper steps to be sure your vehicle won’t move. See “Shifting IntoPARK (P)” in the Index. If you’re pullinga trailer, see“To,wing a Trailer” in the Index. L 2-25 Manual Windows The driver’s door has a switch for the passenger window as well. Your power windows will work when the ignition has been turned to the RUN position. To operate your manual windows, turn the hand crank on each door to raise or lower your side door windows. Push the rear of the switch with the power window symbol on it to lower the window. Power Windows Push the front of the switch with the power window symbol on it to raise the window. Windows The driver’swindow switch also has an express-down feature that allows the window to lower without holding the switch. Press and hold the side of the window switch marked AUTO for one second to activate the express-down mode. The express-down mode can be cancelled at any time by pressing the opposite side of the switch. To open the window part way, lightly tap the switch until the window is at the desired position. If you have the optional power windows, the controls are on each of the side doors. 2-26 Swing-Out Windows Rear Swing-Out Window Side Swing-Out Window To open your side door swing-out windows,pull out the latch at the edgeof the window, swing the window out and push down the latch into the locked openposition. To close the window, pull the latch toward you and push down on the latch to lock it. Your rear swing-out windows work the same way, but the latch is at the bottom edge of the window. 2-27 CAUTION: It can be dangerous to drivewith the rear swing-out windows or reardoor(s) open because carbon monoxide (CO) gas can come into your vehicle. You can’t see or smell CO.It can cause unconsciousness and even death. If you must drive with the rearswing-out windows or reardoor(s) open or if electrical wiring or other cable connections must pass through theseal between the body and the rear swing-out windows or reardoor(s): Make sure all windows are shut. CAUTION: (Continued) CAUTION: (Continued) Turn the fan on your heating or cooling system to itshighest speed with the setting on VENT, HEAT, BLENDor DEF. Additionally, on vehicleswith heatingair conditioning systems, NORM A/Cor BI-LEV A/C can be used. That will force outside air into your vehicle. See“Comfort Controls” in the Index. If you have air outlets on or under the instrument panel, open them all the way. See “Engine Exhaust” in the Index. Horn Press one of the horn buttons at each side of the steering wheel to sound the horn. 2-28 Tilt Wheel (Option) Turn SignaVMultifunctionLever A tilt steering wheel allows you to adjust the steering wheel before you drive. You can also raise it to the highest level to give your legs more room when you enter and exit the vehicle. The lever on the left side of the steering column includes your: 0 Turn Signal and Lane Changer To tilt the wheel, hold the steering wheel and pull the lever. Move the steering wheel to a comfortable level, then release the lever to lock the wheel in place. 0 Headlamp High/Low Beam Changer 0 Windshield Wipers 0 Windshield Washer 0 Cruise Control (Option) 2-29 ’hrn Signal and Lane Change Signals The turn signal has two upward (for right) and two downward (for left) positions. These positions allow you to signal a turn or a lane change. To signal a turn, move the lever all the way up or down. When the turn is finished, the lever will return automatically. An arrow on the instrument panel will flash in the direction of the turn or lane change. As you signal a turn or a lane change, if the arrows flash at twice the normal rate, a signal bulb may be burned out and other drivers may not see your turn signal. If a bulb is burned out, replace it to help avoid an accident. If.the arrowsdon’t go on at all when you signal a turn,check for burned-out bulbs and a blown fuse (see “Fuses and Circuit Breakers” in the Index). Headlamp High/Low Beam Changer To change the headlamps from low beam to high or high to low, pull the multifunction lever all the way toward you. Then release it. When the high beams are on, this light on the instrument panel also will be on. To signal a lane change,just raise or lower the lever until the arrow starts to flash. Hold it there until you complete your lane change. The lever will return by itself when you release it. 2-30 . - Windshield Wipers You control the windshield wipers by turning the band with the wiper symbol on it. For a single wiping cycle, turn the band to MIST. Hold it there until the wipers start, then let go. The wipers will stop after one cycle. If you want more cycles, hold the band on MIST longer. You can set the wiper speed for a long or short delay between wipes. This can be very useful in light rain or snow. Turn the band to choose the delay time. The closer to LOW, the shorter the delay. For steady wiping at low speed, turn the band to the LOW position. For high-speed wiping, turn the band further, to HIGH. To stop the wipers, move the band to OFF. Remember that damaged wiper blades may prevent you from seeing well enough to drive safely. To avoid damage, be sure to clear ice and snow from the wiper blades before using them. If they are frozen to the windshield, carefully loosen or thaw them. If your blades do become damaged, get new blades or blade inserts. Heavy snow or ice can overload your wipers. The windshield wiper motor is protected from overload by a circuit breaker and a fuse. If the motor overheats due to heavy snow, etc., the wiper will stop until the motor cools. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due toheavy snow, etc. may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using your windshield wipers. 2-31 Windshield Washer Cruise Control (Option) At the top of the lever, there’s a paddle with the word PUSH on it.To spray washer fluid on the windshield, push the paddle. With cruise control, you can maintain a speed of about 25 mph (40 kmk) or more without keeping your foot on the accelerator. This can really help on long trips. Cruise control does not work at speeds below about 25 mph (40 krnk). Washer fluid will spray as long as you push the paddle. When you let go of the paddle, the wipers will continue to wipe for approximately two more wipe cycles and then either stop orreturn to the preset speed. When you apply your brakes, the cruise control shuts off. Driving without washer fluid can be dangerous. A bad mud splash can block your vision. You could hit another vehicle or go off the road. Check your washer fluid level often. I A CAUTION: In freezing weather, don’t use your washer until the windshield is warmed. Otherwise the washer fluid can form ice on the windshield, blocking your vision. 2-32 A CAUTION: I I Cruise control can be dangerous where you can’t drive safely at a steady speed. So, don’t use your cruise controlon winding roads or in heavy traffic. Cruise control can be dangerous on slippery roads. On such roads, fast changes in tire tractioncan cause needless wheel spinning, and you could lose control. Don’t use cruise control on slippery roads. Resuming a Set Speed Setting Cruise Control I ~ A CAUTION: I If you leaveyour cruise control switch on when you’re not using cruise, you might hit a button and go into cruise when you don’t want to. You could bestartled andeven lose control. Keepthe cruise control switch OFF until you want to use it. 1. Move the cruise controlswitch to ON. 2. Get up to the speed you want. Suppose you set your cruise control at a desired speed and then you apply the brake. This, of course, shuts off the cruise control. But you don’t need to reset it. Once you’re going about25 mph (40 kmh) or more, you can move the cruise control switch from ON to R/A (Resume/Accelerate) for abouthalf a second. You’ll go right back up to your chosen speed and stay there. Remember, if you hold the switch at R/A longer than half a second, the vehicle will keep going faster until you release the switch or apply the brake. You could be startled and even lose control.So unless you want to go faster, don’t hold the switch at R/A. 3. Press in the SET button at the end of the lever and release it. 4. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal. 2-33 Increasing Speed WhileUsing Cruise Control There are twoways to goto a higher speed: Use the accelerator pedal to get to the higher speed. Push the button at the end of the lever, then release the button and the accelerator pedal. You’ll now cruise at the higher speed. Move the cruise switch from ON to R/A. Hold it there until you get up to the speed you want, and then release the switch. To increase your speed in very small amounts, move the switch to R/A for less than half a second. Each time you do this, your vehicle will go about 1 mph (1.6 k d h ) faster. Reducing Speed While Using Cruise Control There are twoways to reduce your speed while using cruise control: Push in the button at the end of the lever until you reach the lower speed you want, then release it. To slow down in very small amounts, push the button for lessthan half a second. Each time you do this, you’ll go 1 mph (1.6 k d h ) slower. Passing Another Vehicle While Using Cruise Control Use the accelerator pedal to increase your speed. When you take your foot off the pedal, your vehicle will slow down to the cruise control speed you set earlier. 2-34 Using Cruise Controlon Hills How well your cruise control will work on hills depends upon your speed, load and the steepness of the hills. When going up steep hills, you may have to step on the accelerator pedal to maintain your speed. If the steepness of the hill causes the vehicle speed to drop more than 15 mph (9.4 km/h) below the set speed, your cruise control will automatically disengage. When going downhill, you may have to brake or shift to a lower gear to keep your speed down. Of course, applying the brake takes you out of cruise control. Many drivers find this to be too much trouble and don’t use cruise control on steep hills. Ending Cruise Control There are two ways to turn off the cruise control: Step lightly on the brake pedal; or Move the cruise switch to OFF. Erasing Speed Memory When you turn off the cruise control or the ignition, your cruise control set speed memory is erased. Lamps When the wheel is turned to full brightness, and then into the first detent position, the radio display and PRNDL display will go to the day mode (full intensity). This is known as “parade” mode. The rest of the I/P illumination will stay in the maximum dimming state (full brightness dimming). Turning the wheel up one more detent will activate the interior dome light circuit (with slightly higher effort). Rotate the switch knob clockwise to the parking lamp symbol to turn on: 0 Parking Lamps Sidemarker Lamps Your parking/headlamp switch is on the driver’s side of your instrument panel. Your instrument panel dimmer wheel has two detent positions. 0 Taillamps 0 License Plate Lamps Instrument Panel Lights 0 Ashtray Lamp 0 Glove Box Lamp 2-35 Rotate the switch knob clockwise again to the master lighting symbol to turn on all the lamps listed as well as the headlamps. Rotate the switch counterclockwise to OFF to turn off your lamps. Rotate the thumb wheel next to the switch knob up to adjust instrument panel lights. Rotate the thumb wheel up to the first notch to return the radio display and gearshift indicator display to full intensity when the headlamps or parking lamps are on. Rotate the thumb wheel up to the second notch to activate the interior dome lamps. You can switch your headlamps from high to low beam by pulling on the turn signalhigh beam lever. A circuit breaker protects your headlamps. If you have an electrical overload, your headlamps will flicker on and off. Have your headlamp wiring checked right away if this happens. Headlamps On Reminder A buzzer will sound when your headlamps are turned on and your ignition is in OFF, LOCK or ACCESSORY. If you need to use your headlamps when the ignition switch is in OFF, LOCK or ACCESSORY, the buzzer can beturned off by turning the thumb wheel next to the parking lampheadlamp switch all the way down. Daytime Running Lamps(If Equipped) Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) can make it easier for others to see the front of your vehicle during the day. DRL can be helpful in many different driving conditions, but they can be especially helpful in the short periods after dawn and before sunset. The DRL system will make your headlamps come on at a reduced brightness when: 0 The ignition is on, The headlamp switch is off and 0 The parking brake is released. If your vehicle was first sold, when new, in Canada, your headlamps will come on at reduced brightness. 2-36 If your vehicle was first sold, when new, in the United States, your vehiclemay be equipped with DRL. If your vehicle has DRL, you will see the the DRL indicator light on your instrument panel and your low-beam headlamps will come on at reduced brightness. When the DRL are on,only your headlamps will be on. The taillamps, sidemarkerand other lamps won’t be on. Your instrument panel won’t be lit up either, When it begins to getdark, your DRL indicator light is a reminder to turn your headlamp switchon. The other lamps that come onwith your headlamps will also come on. When-you turn off the headlamp switch, the regular lamps will go off, and your headlampswill change to the reduced brightnessof DRL. To idle your vehicle with the engine onand the DRL off, set the parking brake. The DRLwill stay off until you release the parking brake. As with any vehicle, you should turn on the regular headlamp system when you need it. Dome Lamps The dome lamps will come on when you open the doors. You can also turn the dome lamps on by rotating the thumb wheel, located next to the headlamp knob, all the way up to the second notch. In this position, the dome lamps will remain on whether the doors are opened or closed. You can use the dome lamp button, located below the headlamp knob, to set the dome lamps to automatically come on when the doors are open, or to remain off. To turn the lamps off, push the button once. With the button in this position, the dome lamps will remain off when the doors are open.To return the lamps to automatic operation, push the button again and return it to the out position. With the button in this position, the dome lamps will come on when you open the doors. The delayed entry will allow you to enter or exit your vehicle with the lamps staying on for about 20 seconds, after the door is closed or ignition is cycled. 2-37 Underhood Reel Lamp (Option) Reading Lamps (Option) I I f your vehicle has reading lamps, press the button next to the lamp to turn the lamp on. Press the button again to turn the lamp off. 2-38 If you have an underhood reel lamp, it is located on the passenger side of the engine compartment. The lamp can be switched on without unreeling the cord. Also, you can use it as a flashlight. Mirrors Inside Mirror Push or pull the tab under the mirror to reduce glare from headlamps behind you after dark. Outside Mirrors Adjust your outside mirrors so you can just see the side of your vehicle, and have a clear view of objects behind you. Some mirrors can be folded in to enter narrow doorways. Electric Outside RearviewMirrors (Option) To use the lamp as a flashlight, pull down on the lever located under the lamp, unlocking the lamp and pull the lamp out. The cord will unreel as you pull the lamp. If you have electric mirrors, they can be adjusted to point where you want from inside the vehicle. When you are done using the lamp, reel the cord back into the housing by turning the handle. Then, slide the lamp into the holder and press the lever marked PUSH at the bottom of the holder to lock into place. 2-39 Select the mirror you want to move by rotating the switch counterclockwise to adjust the passenger side mirror and clockwise to adjust the driver side mirror. The center position is neutral. Then, adjust the mirror angle by pressing the outer arrows on the switch until the mirror is adjusted where you want it. Your electric outside rearview mirrors can be defrosted by pressing the switch next to the heater controls. (See “Comfort Controls” in the Index.) I 2-40 Convex Outside .Mirror Your passenger’s side mirror is convex.A convex mirror’s surface is curved so you can see more from the driver’s seat. CAUTION: A convex mirror can make things (like other vehicles) look farther away than they really are. If you cut too sharply into the right lane, you could hit a vehicle on your right. Check your inside mirror or glance over your shoulder before changing lanes. Storage Compartments . . Your front storage compartment is a t the center of the instrument panel extension, by the floor. To open the compartment, squeeze and pull the handle at the top. Storage compartments may also be included on the inside of each front door. Sun Visors To block out glare, you can swing down the visors. You can also swing them from side to side. Your visors have elastic straps you can use to hold items such as maps. 2-41 Visor VanityMirror (Option) Some visors have illuminated mirrors on them. Pull the visor downand lift the mirror cover (if there is one), to use themirror. Cigarette LightedAshtrays The front ashtray is located in the instrument panel extension, at the center of the instrument panel. Lift up on the ashtray door to open it. I NOTICE: To use the cigarette lighter, push it in all the way, and let go. When it’s ready, it will pop back by itself. NOTICE: Holding a cigarette lighter in with your hand while it is heating can makeit overload, damaging the lighter and the heating element. Just push the lighterall the way in and let go. When it’s done, it will pop back by itself. To remove the front ashtray, pull up on the tab with Papers and other things that burn into your ashtrays could be set on fire by cigarettes or other smoking materials. That could cause a fire andpossibly damage yourvehicle. Do not store papers and other things that burnin your ashtrays. a key or screw driver inserted in the tab, and lift the ashtray out. Instrument Panel A. B. C, D. Lamp Controls Air Vents Instrument Cluster Comfort Control System E. Audio System E Auxiliary Power Outlet G . Cupholder H. Ashtray I. J. K. L. CigaretteLighter Convenience Tray Horn/Air Bag Turn SignalAhltifunction Lever 2-43 Instrument Cluster Your instrument cluster is designed to letyou know at aglance how your vehicle is running. You’ll know how fast you’re going, how much fuel you’re using, and many other things you’ll need to know to drive safely and economically. A A A Speedometer the new odometer can be set to the mileage total of the old odometer, then it must be. But if it can’t, then it’s set at zero, and a label must be put on the driver’s door to show the old mileage reading when the new odometer was installed. Trip Odometer The trip odometer can tell you how f i r your vehicle has been driven since you last set the trip odometer to zero. Your speedometer lets you see your speed in both miles per hour (mph) and kilometers per hour (km/h). Your odometer shows how far your vehicle has been driven, in either miles (used in the United States) orkilometers (used in Canada). You may wonder what happens if your vehicle needs a new odometer installed. Laws vary as to the procedure ~ r or that must be followed, so check with y o ~ state provincial vehicle registration office. But generally, if To reset the trip odometer, fu.lly press the reset button located near the trip odometer readout. The odometer can show either total miles or trip miles by using the push control in the cluster. 2-45 Warning Lights, Gages and Indicators This part describes the warning lights and gages that may be on your vehicle. The pictures will help you locate them. Warning lights and gages can signal that something is wrong before it becomes seriousenough to causean expensive repair or replacement. Paying attention to your warning lights and gages could also saveyou or others from injury. Warning lights come on when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. As you will see in the details on the next few pages, some warning lights come on briefly when you start the engine just to let you know they’re working. If you are familiar with this section, you should not be alarmed when this happens. Gages canindicate when there may be or is a problem with one of your vehicle’s functions. Often gages and warning lights work together to let you know when there’s a problem with your vehicle. When one of the warning lights comes on and stays on when you are driving,or when one of the gages shows there may be a problem, check the section that tells you what to do about it. Please follow this manual’s advice. Waiting to do repairs can be costly-- and even dangerous. So please get to know your warning lights and gages. They’re a big help. Safety Belt Reminder Light When the key is turned to RUN or START, a tone will come on for about eight seconds to remind people to fasten their safety belts, unless the driver’s safety belt is already buckled. The safety belt light will also come onand stay on for about 20 seconds, then it will flash for about 55 seconds. If the driver’s belt is already buckled, neither the tone nor the light will come on. Air Bag Readiness Light There is an air bag readiness light on the instrument panel, which shows AIR BAG. The system checksthe air bag’s electrical system for malfunctions. The light tells you if there is an electrical problem. The system check includes the air bag sensor, the air bagmodules, the wiring and the crash sensing and diagnostic module. For more information on the air bag system, see“Air Bag” in the Index. AIR BAG You will see this light flash for a few secondswhen you turn your ignition to RUN or START. Then the light should go out. This means the system is ready. If the air bag readiness light doesn’t come on when you start your vehicle, or stays on, or comeson when you are driving, your air bag system may not work properly. Have your vehicle serviced rightaway. Charging System Light This light should come on briefly when you turn on the ignition, before startingthe engine, as a checkto show you it is working. After the engine starts, thelight should go out. If it stays on or comeson while you are driving, you may have a problem with your charging system.It could indicate a problem with the alternator drivebelt, or some other charging systemproblem. Have it checked right away. Driving while this light is on could drain your battery. If you must drive a short distance with this light on, it helps to turn off all your accessories, such as the radio and air conditioner. 2-47 Brake System Warning Light Your vehicle’s hydraulic brake system is divided into two parts. If one part isn’t working, the other part can still work and stop you. For good braking, though, you need both parts working well. If the light comes on while you are driving, pull off the road and stop carefully. You may notice that the pedal is harder to push.Or, the pedal may go closer to the floor. It may take longer to stop. If the light is still on, have the vehicle towed for service. (See “Towing Your Vehicle” in the Index.) If the warning light comes on,there could be a brake problem. Have your brake system inspected right away. Your brake system may not be working properly if the brake system warning light is on. Driving with the brake system warning light on can lead to an accident. If the light is still on after you’ve pulled off the road and stopped carefully, have the vehicle towed for service. BRAKE United States Canada This light should come on briefly when you turn the ignition key to RUN. If it doesn’t come onthen, have it fixed so it will be ready to warn you if there’s a problem. 2-48 When the ignition is on, the brake system warning light will also coke on when you set your parking brake. The light will stay on if your parking brake doesn’t release fully. If it stays on after your parking brake is fully released, it means you have a brake problem. Anti-Lock Brake System Warning Light The anti-lock brake system warning light should come on briefly when you turn the ignition key to RUN. If the light doesn’t come on then, have it fixed so it will be ready to warn you if there is a problem. Daytime Running Lamps Indicator Light ANTI LOCK United States Canada With the anti-lock brake system, this light will come on when you start your engine and may stay on for several seconds. That’s normal. You may have this light on the instrument panel. It will light whenever the DRL are on. It is also a reminder to turn on your headlamps when driving at night. For more details about DRL, see “Headlamps and Vehicle Lighting” in this section. If the light stays on, or comes on when you’re driving, your vehicle needs service. I f the regular brake system have brakes, but YOLI warning light isn’t on, y0~1’still don’t have anti-lock brakes. I f the regular brake system warning light is also on, you don’t have anti-lock brakes and there’s a problem with your regular brakes. See “Brake System Warning Light” earlier in this part. 2-49 Malfunction IndicatorLamp (Service Engine Soon Light) (Gasoline Engine) SERVICE ENGINE SOON Your vehicle is equipped with a computer which monitors operation of the fuel, ignition and emission control systems. This system is called OBD I1 (On-Board Diagnostics-Second Generation) and is intended to assure that emissions are at acceptable levels for the life of the vehicle, helping to produce a cleaner environment. The SERVICE ENGINE SOON light comes on to indicate that there is a problem and service is required. Malfunctions often will be indicated by the system before any problem is apparent, which may prevent more serious damage to your vehicle. This system is also designed to assist your service technician in correctly diagnosing any malfunction. 2-50 I NOTICE: If you keep driving your vehicle with this light on, aftera while, your emission controls may not work as well, your fuel economy may not be as good and your engine may not run as smoothly. This could leadto costly repairs that may not be covered by your warranty. This light should come on, as a check to show you it is working, when the ignition is on and the engine is not running. If the light doesn’t come on, have it repaired. This light will also come on during a malfunction in one of two ways: Light Flashing -- A misfire condition has been detected. A misfire increases vehicle emissions and may damage the emission control system on your vehicle. Dealer or qualified service center diagnosis and service is required. 0 Light On Steady -- An emission control system malfunction has been detected on your vehicle. Dealer or qualified service center diagnosis and service may be required. If the Light Is Flashing Are you low on fuel? The following may prevent more serious damage to your vehicle: 0 Reduce vehicle speed. 0 Avoid hard accelerations. 0 Avoid steep uphill grades. If towing a trailer, reduce the amount of cargo being hauled as soon as it is possible. As your engine starts to run out of fuel, your engine may not run as efficiently as designed since small amountsof air are suckedinto the fuel line causing a misfire. The system can detectthis. Adding fuel should correct this condition. Make sure to install the fuel cap properly. It will take a few driving tripsto turn the light off. If the light stops flashingand remains on steady, see --IT the Light Is On Steady” following. If the light continues to flash, when it is safe to do so, stop the vehicle. Put your vehicle in PARK (P). Turn the key off, wait at least 10 seconds and restart the engine. If the light remains on steady, see “If the Light Is On Steady” following. If the light is still flashing follow the previous steps, and drivethe vehicle to your dealer or qualified service center for service. If the LightIs On Steady You may be able to correctthe emission system malfunction by considering the following: Did you just drive through a deep puddleof water? If so, your electrical system may be wet. The condition will usually be corrected when the electrical system dries out. A few driving trips should turn the light off. Have you recently changed brands of fuel? If so, be sure to fuel your vehicle with quality fuel (see “Fuel” in the Index). Poor fuel quality will cause your engine not to run as efficiently as designed. You may notice this as stalling after start-up, stalling when you put the vehicle into gear, misfiring, hesitation on acceleration or stumbling on acceleration. (These conditions may go away once the engine is warmed up.) This will be detected by the system and cause the light to turn on. If you experience this condition, change the fuel brand you use. It will require at least one full tank of the proper fuel to turn the light off. If none of the above steps have made the light turn off, have your dealeror qualified service center checkthe vehicle. Your dealer has the proper test equipment and diagnostic tools to fix any mechanical or electrical problems that may have developed. 2-51 Oil Pressure Gage The oil pressure gage shows the engine oil pressure in psi (pounds per square inch) when the engine is running. Canadian vehicles indicate pressure in kPa (kilopascals). OIL -1TION: Don't keep drivingif the oil pressure is low. If you do, your engine can becomeso hot that it catches fire.You or others could be burned. Check your oil as soon as possible and have your vehicle serviced. 9 3 Oil pressure may vary with engine speed, outside temperature and oil viscosity, but readings above the low pressure zone indicate the normal operating range. A reading in the low pressure zone may be caused by a dangerously low oil level or other problem causing low oil pressure. Check your oil as soon as possible. 2-52 AC NOTICE: Damage to your engine from neglected oil problems can be costly and is not covered by your warranty. Fuel Gage Check Gages Light The CHECK GAGES light will come on briefly when you are starting the engine. The fuel gage, when the ignition is on, tells you about how much fuel you have left in your tank. CHECK GAGES UNLEADED FUEL ONLY If the light comes on and stays on while you are driving, check your coolant temperature and engine oil pressure gages to see if they are in the warning zones. The gage will first indicate EMPTY (E) before you are out of fuel, and you should get more fuel as soon as possible. 2-53 Listed are four situations you may experience with your fuel gage: Engine Coolant Temperature Gage At the gas station, the fuel pump shuts off before the gage reads FULL (F). It takes a little more or less fuel to fill up than the fuel gage indicated. For example, the gage may have indicated the tank was half full, but it actually took a little more or less than half the tank’s capacity to fill the tank. 0 The gage moves a little when you turn a corner or speed up. The gage doesn’t go back to EMPTY (E) when you turn off the ignition. None of these indicate a problem with the fuel gage. 260 TEMP This gage showsthe engine coolant temperature. If the gage pointer moves into the red area your engine is too hot! J-vw It means that your engine coolant has overheated. If you have been operating your vehicle under normal operating conditions, you should pull off the road, stop your vehicle, and turn off the engine assoon as possible. In “Problems on the Road,” this manual shows what to do. See “Engine Overheating” in the Index. 3 LA Voltmeter When your engineis not running, but the ignition is on (in the RUN position), this gage shows your battery’s state of charge in DC volts. W VOLTS When the engineis running, the gage shows the condition of the charging system. Readingsbetween the low and high warning zones indicate the normal operating range. Readings in the low warning zone may occur when a large number of electrical accessories are operatingin the vehicle and the engine is left at an idle for an extended period. This condition is normal since the charging system is not able to provide full power at engine idle. As engine speeds are increased,this condition should correct itself as higher engine speeds allow the charging system to create maximum power. You can only drive for a short time with the reading in either warning zone. If you must drive, turn off all unnecessary accessories. Readings in either warningzone indicate apossible problem in the electrical system. Have thevehicle serviced as soon as possible. Electronic Road-Speed Governor (Gasoline Engines) This optional system automatically controls vehicle top speed. The system controller receives a signal from the vehicle speed sensor and reduces power when the vehicle speed reaches the maximum 65 mph (105 km/h) governed speed. 2-55 Center High-Mounted Stoplamp If items are loaded on the roof of the vehicle, as in a luggage carrier, care should be taken not to block or damage the center high-mounted stoplamp unit. If you tow a trailer that is equipped with provisions for a center high-mounted stoplamp, see your GM dealer ‘forinstructions on how to make it operate with your vehicle’s electrical system. As with any electrical system modification, have the work Derformed by a qualified electrical service person. Your vehicle’s center high-mounted stoplamp is located above the rear doors at the center of the vehicle. 2-56 NOTES NOTES 2-58 Sectic I 3 Comfort Controls and Audio Systems In this section you’ll find out how to operate the comfort Heater Controls control and audio systems offeredwith your vehicle. Be sure to read about the particular systems supplied with your vehicle. Comfort Controls This section tells you how to make your air systemwork for you. Your comfort control systemuses ozone-friendly R- 134a refrigerant. With these systems, you can control the heating, cooling and ventilation in your van. Your vehicle also has a flow-throughventilation system described laterin this section. If your vehicle does not have air conditioning,your heater controls will look like this. 3-1 Fan Knob Mode Knob The knob on the left side of the heating system control panel controls the fan speed. The knob has four speed positions. To increase airflow, move the knob toward HI. To decrease airflow, move it toward LO. To turn the fan off, move the knob to OFF. The right knob changes the heater setting. Temperature Knob The middle knob lets you select the relative temperature of the air flowing into the passenger areaof your vehicle. This knob will allow you to adjust the relative air temperature independently of the function knob setting. Move the knob clockwise to the red area for warmer air. Move the knob counter clockwise to the blue area forcooler air. 3-2 +a /J VENT: This setting directs air through the instrument panel vents. ’# +e VENTMEAT Use this setting to divide airflow between the heater floor vents and instrument panel vents. e +” HEAT This setting directs air through the heater floor vents. This setting is useful for cold weather. ’ Wa HEAT/DEFROST Use this setting to divide airflow between the heater floor vents and windshield. DEFROST This setting with the defrost symbol directs air through the windshield defroster vents. This setting is useful when you have fog or ice on the windshield. Heater/Air Conditioning Controls Fan Knob The knob on the left side of the heating system control panel controls the fan speed. The knob has four speed positions. To increase airflow, move the knob toward HI. To decrease airflow, move it toward LO. Temperature Knob The middle knob on the control panel lets you select the relative temperature of the air flowing into the passenger area of your vehicle. This knob will allow you to adjust the relative air temperature independently of the function knob setting. Move the knob clockwise toward the red area for warmer air. Move the knob counterclockwise toward the blue area for cooler air. If your vehicle has air conditioning, your heaterhir conditioning controls will look like this. Before using your vehicle’s air conditioning, open the windows to clear the vehicle of hot air. 3-3 Mode Knob The right knob on the control panel changes the heatedair conditioning setting. MAX A/C: With A/C on, move the right knob to MAX A/C for maximum cooling. This setting puts the system in the recirculation mode and helps to maximize your air conditioner’s performance and your vehicle’s fuel economy. This setting also coolsthe air the fastest. After the vehicle’s interior reaches a comfortable temperature, move the knob clockwise to place the air conditioning system in the A/C mode. A/C: Use for normal cooling on hot days. This setting cools outside airand directs it through the instrument panel outlets. +e @ VENT: This setting, with the arrow pointing at the figure’s head, directs air throughthe instrument panel vents. 3-4 +e ‘N VENTMEAT Use this setting, with the arrows pointing at the figure’s feet and head, to divide airflow between the heater floor vents and instrument panel vents. +# 0 HEAT This setting, with the arrow pointing at the figure’s feet, directs air through the heater floor vents. U This setting is useful forcold weather. W ?# O HEATDEFROST Use this setting, with the arrow pointing at the figure’s feet and the defroster symbol near the figure’s head, to divide airflow between the heater floor vents and windshield. DEFROST This setting with the defrost symbol directs air through the windshield defroster vents. This setting is useful when you have fog or iceon the windshield. Rear Heater (Without Air Conditioning) Rear Air Conditioning and Rear Heater If you have a rear heater (without rear air conditioning), the control switch is located on the instrument panel. If your vehicle has a rear air conditioning and rear heater system combination, controls are provided to regulatethe temperature, location and speed of the air flow. To increase and decrease the flow of heated air to the rear floor vents, move the switch marked REAR HEAT to the blower speed you want. The knob has three speed positions. To increase the flow of heated air, move the switch toward HIGH. To turn the fan off, move the switch to OFF. Front Passenger Control To adjust the air temperature, turn the temperature knob on the right side of the control panel. For warmer air, turn the knob clockwise toward the red area, and for cooler air, turn the knob counterclockwise toward the blue area. 3-5 To regulate the airflow location, adjust the center knob on the control panel. Turn the knob counterclockwise for floorvent air flow or clockwise for headliner vent air flow. Generally, the upper vents are used for air conditioning and the floor vents for heating. The control knob can be set to any blend setting. To adjust the air flow speed, turn the fan control knob on the left side of the control panel to the desired blower setting. To activate the rear control, move the fan knob on the front control to REAR CNTL. The rear control works just like the front control. It will allow second seat passengers to adjust the controls as they desire. 3-6 Air Conditioning Before using your vehicle’s air conditioning,open the windows to clearthe vehicle of hot air. This reduces the time it takes for your vehicle to cool down. Then keep your windows closed for the air conditionerto work at its best. You can use MAX A/C with the temperature knob in the blue area, when it’s really hot outside and you need to cool the inside air quickly. MAX A/C lets in only a little air from the outside. If you first use MAX A/C, you can then use A/C with the temperature knob in the blue area, as soon as the vehicle has cooled down, so outside air will be going through your vehicle. If your vehicle has rear air conditioning, setting it on LO may enhance front A/C performance by allowing trapped refrigerant in rear lines to circulate. When the air conditioning, DEFROST orBLEND is on, you may notice a slight increase or decrease in engine speed, due to compressor operation. Thisis normal because the system is designed to cycle the compressor on and off to keep the desired temperature. Heating On cold days, use HEATER with the temperature knob in the red area. Outside airwill be brought in through the floor outlets.The heater works best if you keep your windows closed while using it. If you use the optional engine coolant heater before starting your engine, your heating system will produce warmer air ftdster to heat the passenger compartment in cold weather. See “Engine Coolant Heater”in the Index. 3-7 Ventilation Tips Keep the hood and front air inlet free of ice, snow, or any other obstruction (such as leaves). The heater and defroster will work far better, reducing the chance of fogging the inside of your windows. When you enter a vehicle in cold weather, turn the blower fan to HI for a few moments before driving off. This helps clear the intake ducts of snow and moisture, and reduces the chance of fogging the inside of your windows. Keep the air path under the front seats clear of objects. This helps air to circulate throughout your vehicle. Your vehicle has air vents in the center and on the sides of your instrument panel. You can move the vents from side to side orup and down to direct the flow of air, or close the vents altogether. When you close a vent, it will increase the flow of air comingout of any vents that are open. 3-8 Rear Window Defogger (Option) You can tell if your vehicle has this optionby looking at the rear window. There will be lines across the glass. These are the wire-like elements which heat your window. NOTICE: Scraping the inside of your rear window could cut and damage the defogger. Your warranty would not cover this damage. Don’t put decals there; you might haveto scrape them off. Audio Systems AM-FM Stereo Your DelcoB audio systemhas been designed to operate easily and giveyears of listening pleasure. You will get the most enjoyment out of it if you acquaint yourself with it first. Find out what your Delco system can do and how to operate all its controls, to be sure you're getting the most out of the advanced engineeringthat went into it. Setting theClock for AM-FM Stereo and AM-FM Stereo with Cassette Tape Player Press SET. Within five seconds, press and hold the SEEK right arrow until the correct minute appears on the display. Press and hold the SEEK left arrow until the correct hour appearson the display. Setting theClock for AM-FM Stereo with Compact Disc Player Press and hold HR until the correct hour appears onthe display. Press and hold MIN until the correct minute appears on the display. To display the clock with the ignition off, press RECALL and the time will be displayed for a few seconds. There is an initial two-second delay before the clock goes into the time-set mode. Playing the Radio VOLUME: Turn the knob clockwise to turn the radio on and counterclockwise to turn it off. To increase volume, turn the knob clockwise. Turn the knob counterclockwise to decrease volume. RECALL: Display the time with the ignition off by pressing this knob. When the radio is playing, press this knob to recall the station frequency. 3-9 Finding a Station AM-FM: Press the lower knob to get AM or FM. TUNE: Turn this knob to tune in radio stations. SEEK: Press the right arrow to tune to the next higher station and the left arrow to tune to the next lower station and stay there. SCAN: Press both SEEK buttons to listen to a few seconds of each radio station. SCAN will light up on the display. Press the right arrow to tune in the next higher station and press the left arrow to tune to the next lower station. Press VOLUME or both SEEK buttons to stop scanning. In addition to the four stations set as above, up to three additional stations may be preset on each band by pressing two adjoining buttons at the same time. Just: 1. Tune in the desired station. 2. Press SET. 3. Press two adjoining buttons at the same time, within five seconds. Whenever you press the same two buttons, the station you set will return. 4. Repeat these steps for each pair of buttons. Setting theTone BASS: Slide this lever up to increase the bass. PUSHBUTTONS: The four numbered pushbuttons let you return to your favorite stations. You can set up to 14 stations (seven AM and seven FM). TREB: Slide this lever up to increase the treble. Slide the lever down to reduce noise with a weak or noisy station. 1. Tune in the desired station. Adjusting the Speakers BAL: The control behind the upper knob balances the sound between the right and left speakers. 2. Press SET. 3. Press and hold one of the four pushbuttons, within five seconds. Wheneveryou press that numbered button, the station you set will return. 4. Repeat these steps for each pushbutton. 3-10 FADE: The control behind the lower knob fsldes the sound between the front and rear speakers. AR [ Stereo with CassetteTape Finding a Station AM-FM: Press the lower knob to get AM or FM. TUNE: Turn the lower knob to tune in radio stations. SEEK: Press this button and the radio will tune to the next higher or lower station and stay there. PUSHBUTTONS: The four numbered pushbuttons let you return to your fmorite stations. You can set up to 14 stations (seven AM and seven FM). Just: Playing the Rt VOLUME: Turn the knob clockwise to turn the radio on and counterclockwise to turn it off. To increase volume, turn the knob clockwise. Turn the knob counterclockwise to decreasevolume. RECALL: Display the time with the ignition off by pressing this knob. When the radio is playing, press this button to recall the station frequency. I . Tune in the desired station. 2. Press SET. 3. Press and hold one of the four pushbuttons, within five seconds. Wheneveryou press that numbered button, the station you set will return. 4. Repeat these steps for each pushbutton. In addition to the four stations set as above, up to three additional stations may be preset on each band by pressing two adjoining buttons at the same time. Just: 1. Tune in the desired station. 2 . Press SET. 3. Press two adjoining buttons at the same time, within five seconds. Whenever you press the same two buttons, the station you set will return. 4. Repeat these steps for each pair of buttons. 3-11 P.SCAN: Press both SEEK buttons to scan through each of the preset stations. Thesystem will scan through and play each preset station stored on your pushbuttons for a few seconds. Press either SEEKbutton or RECALL to stop scanningthrough the preset stations. Setting the Tone BASS: Slide this lever up to increase the bass. TREB: Slide this lever up to increase the treble. Slide the lever down to reduce noise witha weak or noisy station. Adjusting the Speakers BAL: The control behind the upper knob balances the sound between the right and left speakers. FADE: The control behind the lower knob fades the sound between the front and rear speakers. Playing a Cassette Tape Your tape player is built to work best with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are so thin they may not work well in this player. 3 Once the tape is playing, use the knobs for VOLUME, FADE and BAL just asyou do for the radio. FWD: Press the SEEK right arrow to advance the cassette tape. Press the SEEK left arrow to stop forwarding the tape. REV Press the SEEK left arrow to reverse the cassette tape. Press the SEEK right arrow to stop reversing the tape. RECALL: Press this button to switch tape sides. EJECT: Press this button to remove the tape or stop the tape and play the radio. CLN: This message may appear on the display. If it does, your cassette tape player needs to be cleaned. It will still play tapes, but you should clean it as soon as possible to prevent damage to your tapes and player. See “Care of Your Cassette Tape Player” in the Index. After you clean the player, press and hold EJECT for five seconds to reset the CLN indicator. The radiowill display --- to show the indicator was reset. AM-FM Stereo with CassetteTape and Automatic Tone Control SCV This is the Speed-Compensated-Volume (SCV) knob. Move the control ring behind the PWR-VOL knob clockwise to adjustthe SCV. Set the volume at the desired level. As you drive, the SCV automatically increases the volume, as necessary, to overcome road and wind noise at any particular speed. The volume should always sound the same. Each clockwiseposition on the control ring allows for more compensation at a faster rate. Finding a Station AM-FM: Press this button to switch between AM, FMl and FM2. The display will show your selection. Playing the Radio PWR-VOL: Press this knob to turn the system on and off. To increase volume, turn the knob clockwise. Turn it counterclockwise to decrease volume. The faster the PWR-VOL knob is rotated, the quicker the volume is increased or decreased. TUNE: Press lightly on this knob torelease it from its stored position. Rotate the knob clockwise to increase frequency and counterclockwise to decrease frequency. When finished tuning, press the knob again to return it to its stored position. SEEK: Press the right arrow to tune to the next higher station and the left arrow to tuneto the next lower station and stay there. The sound will mute while seeking. RECALL: Display the time with the ignition off by pressing this knob.When the radio is playing, press this button to recall the station frequency. 3-13 SCAN: Press and hold SEEK for two seconds until SCAN appears on the display. SCAN allows you to listen to stations for a fewseconds. The receiver will continue to scan and momentarily stop at each station until you press the button again. The sound will mute while scanning. PUSHBUTTONS: The six numbered pushbuttons let you return to your favorite stations. You can set up to 18 stations (six AM, six FMl and six FM2). 1. Press AM-FM to select the band. 2. Tune in the desired station. 3. Press AUTO TONE to select the setting you prefer. 4. Press and hold one of the six pushbuttons. The sound will mute. When it returns, release the button. Whenever you press that numbered button, the station you set will return and the tone you selected will be automatically selected for that button. 5. Repeat these steps for each pushbutton. 2 I A P.SCAN: The preset scan button lets you scan through your fdvorite stations stored on your pushbuttons. Select either the AM, FMl or FM2 mode and then press P.SCAN. It will scan through each station stored on your pushbuttons and stop for a few seconds before continuing to scan through all of the pushbuttons. Press P.SCAN again or one of the pushbuttons to stop scanning to listen to a specific preset station. P.SCAN will light up on the display while in this mode. If one of the stations stored on a pushbutton is too weak for the location you are in, the radio display will show the channel number (P 1-P6) for several seconds before advancing to the next preset station. Setting theTone Adjusting the Speakers BASS: Press lightly on this knob to release it from its BAL: Press this button to remove the control from its stored position. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the bass and counterclockwise to decreasethe bass. When the BASS control is rotated, the AUTO TONE setting will change to MAN. stored position. Turn the control clockwise to adjust sound to the right speakers and counterclockwise to adjust sound to the left speakers. Press the button again to return BAL to its stored position. TREB: Press lightly on the TREB knob to release it FADE: Press this button to remove the control from its from its stored position. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the treble and counterclockwise to decrease the treble. When the TREB control is rotated, the AUTO TONE setting will change to MAN. stored position. Turn the control clockwise to adjust the sound to the front and counterclockwise for rear speakers. Press the button again to return FADE to its stored position. Push these knobs back in to their stored position when you’re not using them. Playing a CassetteTape AUTO TONE: Press this button to select among the five preset equalization settings and tailor the sound to the music or voice being heard. Each time you press the button, the selection will switch to one of the preset settings of CLASSIC, NEWS, ROCK, POP or JAZZ. To return to the manual mode, press and release this button until MAN appears on the display. This will return the tone adjustment to the TREB and BASS controls. If a TREB or BASS control is rotated, the AUTO TONE setting will change to MAN. Your tape player is built to work best with tapes that are 30 to 45 minutes long on each side. Tapes longer than that are so thin they may not work well in this player. To load a cassette tape with the ignition off, press EJECT or RECALL. Then, insert the cassette tape. If the ignition is on but the radio is off, the tape will begin playing. The player automatically senses if the cassette tape is metal or Cr02 and adjusts for best playback sound. For metal tapes, the double-D symbol will appear on the display. Once the tape is playing, use the VOL, BAL, FADE, TREB and BASS controlsjust as you do for the radio. The tape symbol and a direction arrow will be on the display whenever a tape is being played. Anytime a tape is inserted, the top side is selected forplay first. PREV (I): Press the PREV or the SEEK left arrow to search for the previous selection. A minimum three-second blank gap is required for the player to stop at the beginning of the selection. Thetape direction arrow will blink during the SEEK operation. PROG (2): Press this button to switch from one side of the tape to the other. NEXT (3): Press NEXT or the SEEK right arrow to search for the next selection. A minimum three-second blank gap is required for the player to stop at the beginning of the selection. The tape direction arrow will blink during the SEEK operation. REV (4): Press this button to rapidly reverse the tape to the beginning of the cassette reel or until you press REV again. The radio will play the last selected station while reversing the tape. The tape direction arrow will blink during REV operation. 00 (5): Press this button to reduce cassette tape noise. The double-D symbol will appear on the display while the player is in this mode. Dolby Noise Reduction is manufactured under a license from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Dolby and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. FWD (6): Press this button to rapidly forward the tape to the end of the cassette reel or until you press FWD again. The radio will play the last selected station while forwarding the tape. The tape direction arrow will blink during FWD operation. AM-FM: Press this button to switch from a tape to the radio. TAPE AUX: Press this button to return to the tape player. The lighted arrow will appear and show the direction of play when a tape is in the active mode. EJECT Press this button to remove the tape. The radio the ignition will now play. EJECT can be used with either or radio off. To load a cassette tape with the ignition or radio off, press EJECT before loading the cassette. CLN: This message may appear on the display. If it does, your cassette tape player needs to be cleaned. It will still play tapes, but you should clean it as soon as possible to prevent damage to your tapes and player. See “Care of Your Cassette Tape Player’’ in the Index. After you clean the player, press and hold EJECT for five seconds to reset the CLN indicator. The radio will display --- to show the indicator was reset. CD Adapter Kits Although this is not a recommended practice, it is possible to use a CD adapter kit with your cassette tape player. Playing a Compact Disc in the Single Remote Disc Player a regular The adapter kit cassette should begin playing like audio cassette tape once inserted. If the cassette immediately ejects, turn the radio off, turn the ignition on and press and hold theTAPE AUX button until the tape icon flashes on the display. Irisert the adapter cassette again. It will power up the radio and begin playing. This override routinewill remain active until EJECT is pressed. If you have this option, you can play one compact disc (CD) at a time. To load a CD into the player, hold the disc with the label side up and insert it carefully into the player (approximately half way). The disc will automatically be pulled into the player. If the radio is off and the ignition is on when a CD is inserted, the radio will turn on and begin playing the CD. It is possible to load and unload CD’s with the ignition off. To load a disc with the ignition off, press the EJECT button on the remote player and then insert the disc. To remove the disc, press the EJECT button and remove the disc from the player. 3-17 A disc that has been ejected but is still sitting in the remote CD player will be pulled back into the player after approximately 30 seconds. Thisprotects the disc and player from damage. The disc will not start playing. To remove the disc, press the EJECT button and remove the disc from the player. All of the compact disc functions arecontrolled by the radio buttons except for EJECT. When a disc is in the player, a CD symbol will appear on the display. When a disc is playing, the letters CD will appear next to the CD symbol in the bottom left corner. The track number will also be displayed. If the disc comes back out and ERR appears on the display, it could be that: 0 The disc is upside down. 0 It is dirty, scratched or wet. 0 There’s too much moisture in the air. (Wait about an hour and try again.) 0 You are driving on a very rough road. Please contact your dealer if any error recurs or cannot be corrected. PREV (1): Press this button togo back to the start of the current track if more than eight seconds have played. Press PREV again to go to the previous track on the disc. PROG (2):This button is active only when you have the 12-disc changer. NEXT (3): Press this button to advance to the next track on the disc. REV (4): Press and hold this button to quickly reverse within a track (song). As the CD reverses, elapsed time will be displayed to help you find the correct passage. FWD (6): Press and hold this button to quickly advance within a track (song). As the CD advances, elapsed time will be displayed to help you find the correct passage. SEEK: Press the left arrow while playing a CD to go back to the start of the current track. It will go back to the current track if more than eight seconds have played. Press the left arrow again to go to previous tracks. Press the right arrow to go to the next higher track on the disc. TAPE AUX: With a disc loaded in the player and the radio playing, press this button once to play the compact disc. To return to playing the radio, press AM-FM. If both a cassette tape and CD are loaded, press TAPE AUX to switch between the tape and compact disc. AM-FM Stereo with Compact Disc Player and Automatic Tone Control RANDOM: Press P.SCAN to enter the random play mode. RANDOM will appear on the display. While in this mode, the tracks on the discs will be played in random order. If you press SEEK, PREV or NEXT while in the random mode, the PREV or NEXT track will be scanned randomly. Press P.SCAN again to turn off RANDOM and return to normal operation. RECALL: Press this button to see what track is currently playing. Press RECALL again within five seconds to seehow long the track has been playing. When a new track starts to play, the track number will also appear. Press RECALL a third time and the time of day will be displayed. EJECT Press this button on the remote player to eject a compact disc. Playing the Radio PWR-VOL: Press this knob to turn the system on and off. To increase volume, turn the knob clockwise. Turn it counterclockwise to decrease volume. The faster the PWR-VOL knob is rotated, the quicker the volume is increased or decreased. RECALL: Display the time with the ignition off by pressing this knob. When the radio is playing, press this button to recall the station frequency. 3-19 SCV: This is the Speed-Compensated-Volume (SCV) knob. Move the control ring behind the PWR-VOL knob clockwise to adjust the SCV. Set the volume at the desired level. As you drive, the SCV automatically increases the volume, as necessary, to overcome road and wind noise at any particular speed. The volume should always sound the same. Each clockwise position on the control ring allows for more compensation at a faster rate. SCAN: Press and hold SEEK for two seconds until SCAN appears on the display. SCAN allows you to listen to stations for afew seconds. The receiver will continue to scanand momentarily stop at each station until you press the button again. The sound will mute while using the SCAN feature. Finding a Station I. Press AM-FM to select the band. AM-FM: Press this button to switch between AM, FM1 and FM2. The display will show your selection. 2. Tune in the desired station. TUNE: Press lightly on this knob to release it from its stored position. Rotate theknob clockwise to increase frequency and counterclockwise to decrease frequency. When finished tuning, press the knob again to return it to its stored position. SEEK: Press the right arrow to tune to the next higher station and the left arrow to tune to the next lower station and stay there. The sound will mute while using the SEEK feature. 3-20 PUSHBUTTONS: The six numbered pushbuttons let you return to your favorite stations.You can set up to 18 stations (six AM, six FM 1 and six FM2). 3. Press AUTO TONE to select the setting you prefer. 4. Press and hold one of the four pushbuttons. The sound will mute. When it returns, release the button. Whenever you press that numbered button, the station you set will return and the tone you selected will be automatically selected forthat button. 5. Repeat these steps for each pushbutton. P.SCAN: The preset scan button lets you scan through your favorite stations storedon your pushbuttons. Select either the AM, FM1 or FM2 mode and then press P.SCAN. It will scan through each station stored on your pushbuttons and stop for a few secondsbefore continuing to scan through all of the pushbuttons. Press P.SCAN again or oneof the pushbuttons to stop scanning to listen to a specific stored station. P.SCAN will light up on the display while in this mode. If one of the stations stored on a pushbutton is too weak for the location you are in, the radio display will show the channel number (P 1-P6) for several seconds before advancing to the next preset station. Setting theTone BASS: Press lightly on this knob to release it from its stored position. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the bass and counterclockwise to decrease the bass. When the BASS control is rotated, the AUTO TONE setting will change to MAN. TREB: Press lightly on the TREB knob to release it from its stored position. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the treble and counterclockwise to decrease the treble. When the TREB control is rotated, the AUTO TONE setting will change to MAN. AUTO TONE: Press this button to select among the five preset equalization settingsand tailor the sound to the music or voice being heard. Each time you press the button, the selection will switch to one of the preset settings of CLASSIC, NEWS, ROCK, POP or JAZZ. The display will show which mode the receiver is in. To return to the manual mode, press and release this button until MAN appears on the display. This will return the tone adjustment to the TREB and BASS controls. When a TREB or BASS control is rotated, tone is automatically set to MAN. Adjusting the Speakers BAL: Press lightly on this knob to release it from its stored position. Turn the control clockwise to adjust sound to the right speakers and counterclockwise to adjust sound to the left speakers. FADE: Press lightly on this knob to release it from its stored position. Turn the control clockwise to adjust the sound to the front and counterclockwise for rear speakers. Push these knobs back in to their stored position when you’re not using them. Push these knobs back in to their stored position when you’re not using them. 3-21 Playing a CompactDisc PWR: Press this knob to turn the system on. (Please note that you can also turn the systemon when you insert a compact disc intothe player with the ignitionon.) Insert a disc partway into the slot, label side up. The player will pull it in. Wdit a few seconds and the disc should play. CD and a CD symbol will also appear on the display. Anytime you are playing a CD,the letters CD will be next to the CD symbol. If the disc comes back out and ERR appears on the display, it could be that: 0 You are driving on a very rough road. (The disc should play when the road gets smoother.) 0 The disc is upside down. 0 It is dirty, scratched or wet. 0 It is very humid. (If so, wait about an hour and try again.) 0 The disc player is very hot. Press RECALL to make ERR go off the display. 3-22 RECALL: Press this button to see what track is playing. Press it again within five seconds to see how long the CD has been playing that track. Elapsed time is displayed in minutes and tenths of a second. The track number will also appearwhen a new track begins to play. Press RECALL again to return to the time display. PREV (1): Press PREV or the SEEK left arrow to search for the previous selection. If you hold this button or press it more than once, the disc will advance further. Sound is muted in this mode. RDM (2): Press this button to play the tracks on the disc in random (instead of 1, 2,3. . .) order. While in the RDM mode, RANDOM appears on the display. Press RDM again to return to normal play. NEXT (3): Press NEXT or the SEEK right arrow to search for the next selection. If you hold this button or press it more than once, the disc will advance further. The next track number will appear on the display. Sound is muted in this mode. a REV (4): Press and hold REV to return rapidly to a favorite passage. You will hear the disc selection play at high speed while you press the REV button. This allows you to listen and find out when the disc is a t the desired selection. Release REV to resume playing. FWD (6): Press and hold this button to advance rapidly within a track. You will hear the disc selection play at high speed while you press the FWD button. This allows you to listen and find out when the disc is at the desired selection. Release FWD to resume playing. AM-FM: While in the CD mode, press this button to stop playing the CD and play the radio. The CD symbol will still display but the word CD will be replaced with either AM, FM I or FM2. (If the radio is turned off, the disc stays in the player and will resume playing at the point where it stopped.) CD AUX: To switch between the player and the radio when a disc is playing, press the AM-FM button. To return to the player, press CD AUX. When a disc is playing, the letters CD and the CD symbol will appear on the display. (If the radio is turned off, the disc stays in the player and will resume playing at the point where it stopped.) EJECT Press this button to eject the disc from the player and play the radio. When the same or anew disc is inserted, the disc will start playing on track one. I f a compact disc is left sitting i n the opening for more than a few seconds, the player will pull the CD back in. The radio will continue playing. When the ignition is off, press this button to load a CD. Theft-Deterrent Feature THEFTLOCK is designed to discourage theft of your radio. It works by using a secret code to disable all radio functions whenever battery power is removed. TM The THEFTLOCK featurefor the radio may be used or ignored. If ignored, the system plays normally and the radio is not protected by the feature. I f THEFTLOCK is activated, your radio will not operate if stolen. When THEFTLOCK is activated, the radio will display LOC to indicate a locked condition anytime battery power is removed. If your battery loses power for any reason, you must unlock the radio with the secret code before it will operate. 3-23 Activating the Theft-Deterrent Feature 5. Press MN and 000 will appear on the display. The instructions which follow, explain how to enter your secret code to activate the THEFTLOCK system.It is recommended that you read through all nine steps before starting the procedure. 6. Press MN again to make the last two digits agree with your code. NOTE: If you allow more than 15 seconds to elapse between any steps, the radio automatically reverts to time and you must start the procedure over at Step 4. 8. Press AM-FM after you have confirmed that the code matches the secret code you have written down. The display will show REP to let you know that you need to repeat Steps 5 through 7 to confirm your secret code. 1. Write down any three or four-digit number from 000 to 1999 and keep it in a safe place separate from the vehicle. 2. Turn the ignition to the ACCESSORY or RUN position. 3. Turn the radio off. 4. Press the 1 and 4 buttons together. Hold them down until --- shows on the display. Next you will use the secret code number which you have written down. 7. Press HR to make the first one or two digits agree with your code. 9. Press AM-FM and this time the display will show SEC to let you know that your radio is secure. The indicator by the volume control will begin flashing when the ignition is turned off. Unlocking the Theft-Deterrent Feature After a Power Loss Enter your secret codeas follows; pause no more than 15 seconds between steps: 1. LOC appears when the ignition is on. 2. Press MN and 000 will appear on the display. 3. Press MN again to make the last two digits agree with your code. 4. Press HR to make the first one or two digits agree with your code. 5. Press AM-FM after you have confirmed that the code matches thesecret code you have written down. The display will show SEC, indicating the radio is now operable and secure. If you enter the wrong code eight times, INOP will appear on the display. You will have to wait an hour with the ignition on before you can try again. When you try again, you will only have three chances to enterthe correct code before INOP appears. Disabling theTheft-Deterrent Feature Enter your secret code as follows; pause no more than 15 seconds between steps: 1. Turn the ignition to the ACCESSORY or RUN position. 2. Turn the radio off. 3. Press the 1 and 4 buttons together. Hold them down until SEC shows on the display. 4. Press MN and 000 will appear on the display. 5. Press MN again to make the last two digits agree with your code. 6. Press HR to make the first one or two digits agree with your code. 7. Press AM-FM after you have confirmed that the code matches the secret code you have written down. The display will show ---,indicating that the radio is no longer secured. If you lose or forget your code,contact your dealer. 3-25 If the code entered is incorrect, SEC will appear on the display. The radio will remain secured until the correct code is entered. When battery power is disconnected from a secured radio, the radio won’t turn on and LOC will appear on the display. To unlock a secured radio, see “Unlocking the Theft-Deterrent Feature After a Power Loss” earlier in this section. 3-26 Understanding Radio Reception FM Stereo FM stereo will give you the best sound. But FM signals will reach only about 10 to 40 miles (16 to 65 km). Tall buildings or hills can interfere with FM signals, causing the sound to come and go. AM The range for most AM stations is greater than for FM, especially at night. The longer range, however, can cause stations to interfere with each other. AM can pick up noise from things like storms and power lines. Try reducing the treble to reduce this noise if you ever get it. Tips About Your Audio System Hearing damage from loud noise is almost undetectable until it is too late. Your hearing can adapt to higher volumes of sound. Sound that seems normal can be loud and harmful to your hearing. Take precautions by adjusting the volume control on your radio to a safe sound level before your hearing adapts to it. To help avoid hearing loss or damage: Adjust the volume control to the lowest setting. Increase volume slowly until you hear comfortably and clearly. NOTICE: Before you add any sound equipment to your vehicle like a tape player, CB radio, mobile telephone or two-way radio be sure you can add what you want. If you can, it’s very important to do it properly. Added sound equipment may interfere with the operation of your vehicle’s engine, Delcoradio or other systems, and even damage them. Your vehicle’s systems mayinterfere with the operation of sound equipmentthat has been added improperly. So, before adding sound equipment, check with your dealer andbe sure tocheck Federal rules covering mobile radio and telephone units. -- -- 3-27 Care of Your Cassette Tape Player A tape player that is not cleaned regularly can cause reduced sound quality, ruined cassettes ora damaged mechanism. Cassette tapes should be stored in their cases away from contaminants, direct sunlight and extreme heat. If they aren’t, they may not operate properly or may cause failure of the tape player. Your tape player should be cleaned regularly after every 50 hours of use. Your radio may display CLN to indicate that you have used your tape player for 50 hours without resetting the tape clean timer. If you notice a reduction in sound quality, try a known good cassette tosee if the tape or the tape player is at fault.If this other cassette hasno improvement in sound quality, clean the tape player. Cleaning may be done with a scrubbing action, non-abrasive cleaning cassette with pads which scrub the tape head as the hubs of the cleaner cassette turn. It is normal for the cassette to eject while cleaning. Insert the cassette at least three times to ensurethorough cleaning. A scrubbing action cleaning cassetteis available through your GM dealer 3-28 You may also choose a non-scrubbing action, wet-type cleaner which uses a cassette with a fabric belt to clean the tape head. This type of cleaning cassette will not eject, It may not clean as thoroughly as the scrubbing type cleaner. Cassettes aresubject to wear and the sound quality may degrade over time. Always make surethat the cassette tape is in good condition before you have your tape player serviced. Care of Your Compact Discs Handle discs carefully. Store them in their original cases or other protective cases and away from direct sunlight and dust. If the surface of a disc is soiled, dampen a clean, soft cloth in a mild, neutral detergent solution and clean it, wiping from the center to the edge. Be sure never to touch the signal surface when handling discs. Pick up discs by grasping the outer edges or the edge of the hole and the outer edge. Power Antenna Mast Care Your power antenna will look its best and workwell if it’s cleaned from time to time. To clean the antenna mast: 1. Turn on the ignition and radio to raise the antenna. 2. Dampen a clean cloth with mineral spirits or equivalent solvent. 3. Wipe the cloth over the mast secrtions, removing any dirt. 4. Wipe dry with a clean cloth. 5. Make the antenna go up and down by turning the radio or ignition off and on. 6. Repeat if necessary. I NOTICE: Don’t lubricate thepower antenna. Lubrication could damage it. NOTICE: Before entering an automatic car wash, turn off your radio to make the power antenna go down. This will prevent the mast from possibly getting damaged. If the antennadoes not go down when you turn the radiooff, it may be damaged or need to be cleaned. In eithercase, lower the antenna by hand by carefully pressing the antenna down. If the mast portion of your antenna is damaged, you can easily replace it. See your dealer for a replacement kit and follow the instructions in the kit, Adjustable Mast Antenna The mast should be fully retracted before entering any automated wash facility to minimize the risk of antenna damage. I f the mast should ever become slightly bent, you can straighten it out by hand. If the mast is badly bent, as it might be by vandals, you should replace it. Check every once in a while to be sure the antenna is still tightened to the body side panel. 3-29 NOTES 3-30 NOTES 3-31 NOTES 3-32 Section 4 Your Driving and the Road Defensive Driving The best advice anyone can give about driving is: Drive defensively. Please start with a very important safety device in your vehicle: Buckle up. (See “Safety Belts” in the Index.) Defensive driving really means “be ready for anything.” On city streets, rural roads or freeways, it means “always expect the unexpected.” Assume that pedestrians or other drivers are going to be careless and make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do. Be ready for their mistakes. Here you’ll find information about driving on different kinds of roads and in varying weather conditions. We’ve also included many other useful tips on driving. 1 Rear-end collisions are about the most preventable of accidents. Yet they are common. Allow enough following distance. It’s the best defensive driving maneuver, in both city and rural driving. You never know when the vehicle in front of you is going to brake or turn suddenly. 4-1 Death and injury associated with drinking and driving is a national tragedy. It’s the number one contributorto the highway death toll, claiming thousands of victims every year. The obvious way to solve this highway safety problem is for people never to drink alcohol and then drive. But what if people do? How much is “too much” if the driver plans to drive? It’s a lot less than many might think. Although it depends on each person and situation, here is some general information on the problem. Alcohol affects four things that anyone needs to drive a vehicle: The Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of someone who is drinking depends upon four things: Drunken Driving Judgment 0 The amount of alcohol consumed Muscular Coordination 0 The drinker’s body weight 0 Vision 0 0 Attentiveness. The amount of food that is consumed before and during drinking 0 The length of time it has taken the drinker to consume the alcohol. Police records show that almost half of all motor vehicle-related deaths involve alcohol. In most cases, these deaths are the result of someone who was drinking and driving. In recent years, some 18,000 annual motor vehicle-related deaths have been associated with the use of alcohol, with more than 300,000 people injured. Many adults -- by some estimates, nearly half the adult population -- choose never to drink alcohol, so they never drive after drinking. For persons under 21, it’s against the law in every U.S. state to drink alcohol. There are good medical, psychological and developmental reasons for these laws. 4-2 According to the American Medical Association, a 180-lb. (82 kg) person who drinks three 12-ounce (355 ml) bottles of beer in an hour will end up with a BAC of about 0.06 percent. The person would reach the same BACby drinking three 4-ounce (120 ml) glasses of wine or three mixed drinks if each had 1-1/2 ounces (45 ml) of a liquor like whiskey, gin or vodka. Since alcoholis carried in body water, this means that a woman generally will reach a higher BAC level than a man of her same body weight when each has the same number of drinks. The law in many U.S. states sets the legal limitat a BAC of 0.10 percent. Ina growing number of U.S. states, and throughout Canada, the limit is 0.08 percent. In some other countries, it’s even lower. The BAC limit for all commercial drivers in theUnited States is 0.04 percent. The BAC will be over 0.10 percent after three to six drinks (in one hour). Of course, as we’ve seen, it depends on how much alcohol is in the drinks, and how quickly the person drinks them. It’s the amount of alcohol that counts. For example,if the same person drank three double martinis (3 ounces or 90 ml of liquor each) within an hour, the person’s BAC would be close to 0.12 percent. A person who consumes foodjust before or during drinkingwill have a somewhat lower BAC level. There is a gender difference, too.Women generally have a lower relative percentageof body water than men. But the ability to drive is affected well below a BAC of 0.10 percent. Research shows that the driving skills of many people are impaired at a BAC approaching 0.05 percent, and that the effects are worse at night. All drivers are impaired at BAC levels above 0.05 percent. Statistics show that the chance of being in a collision increases sharply for drivers who have a BAC of 0.05 percent or above. A driver with a BAC level of 0.06 percent has doubled his or her chance of having a collision. At a BAC level of 0.10 percent, the chance of this driver having a collision is 12 times greater; at a level of 0.15 percent, the chance is 25 times greater! 4-3 The body takes about an hour to rid itself of the alcohol in one drink. No amount of coffee ornumber of cold showers will speed that up. “I’ll be careful” isn’t the right answer. What if there’s an emergency, a need to take sudden action, as when a child darts into the street? A person with even a moderate BAC might not be able to react quickly enough to avoid the collision. There’s something else aboutdrinking and driving that many people don’t know. Medical research shows that alcohol in a person’s system can make crash injuries worse, especially injuries to the brain, spinal cord or heart. This means that when anyone who has been drinking -- driver or passenger -- is in a crash, that person’s chance of being killed or permanently disabled is higher than if the person had not been drinking. 4-4 Drinking and then driving is verydangerous. Your reflexes, perceptions, attentiveness and judgment can be affected by even a small amount of alcohol. You can have a serious or even fatal collision if you drive after drinking. Please don’t drink anddrive or ride with a driver who has been drinking. Ride home in a cab; or if you’re with a group, designate a driver who will not drink. -- -- Control of a Vehicle Braking You have three systems that make your vehicle go where you want it to go. They are the brakes, the steering and the accelerator. All three systems have to do their work at the places where the tires meet the road. Braking action involves perwption time and reaction time. First, you have to decide to push on the brake pedal. That’s perception time. Then you have to bring up your foot and do it. That’s reaction time. Average reaction time is about 3/4 of a second. But that’s only an average. It might be less with one driver and as long as two or three seconds ormore with another. Age, physical condition, alertness, coordination and eyesight all play a part. So do alcohol, drugs and frustration. But even in 3/4 of a second, a vehicle moving at 60 mph (100 km/h) travels 66 feet (20 m). That could be a lot of distance in an emergency, so keeping enough space between your vehicle and others is important. And, of course, actual stopping distances vary greatly with the surface of the road (whether it’s pavement or gravel); the condition of the road (wet, dry, icy); tire tread; and the condition of your brakes. Sometimes, as when you’re driving on snow or ice, it’s easy to ask more of those control systems than the tires and road can provide. That means you can lose control of your vehicle. 4-5 Avoid needless heavy braking. Some people drive in spurts -- heavy acceleration followed by heavy braking -- rather than keeping pace with traffic. This is a mistake. Your brakes may not have time to cool between hard stops. Your brakes will wear out much faster if you do a lot of heavy braking. If you keep pace with the traffic and allow realistic following distances, you will eliminate a lot of unnecessary braking. That means better braking and longer brake life. If your engine ever stopswhile you’re driving, brake normally but don’t pump your brakes. If you do, the pedal may get harder to push down. If your engine stops, you will still have some power brake assist. But you will use it when you brake. Once the power assist is used up, it may take longer to stop and the brake pedal will be harder to push. 4-6 Anti-Lock Brakes Your vehicle has anti-lock brakes (ABS). ABS is an advanced electronic braking system that will help prevent a braking skid. When you start your engine and begin to drive away, your anti-lock brake system will check itself. You may hear a momentary motor or clicking noise while this test is going on. This is normal. If there’s a problem.with the anti-lock brake system, this warning light will stay on. See “Anti-Lock Brake ANTI LOCK The anti-lock system can change the brake pressure faster than any driver could. The computer is programmed to make the most of available tire and road conditions. Here’s how anti-lock works. Let‘s say the road is wet. You’re driving safely. Suddenly an animal -jumpsout in front of you. You slam on the brakes. Here’s what happens with ABS. A computer senses that wheels are slowing down. If one of the wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will separately work the brakes at each front wheel and at the rear wheels. You can steer around the obstacle while braking hard. As you brake, your computer keeps receiving updates on wheel speed and controls braking pressure accordingly. 4-7 Remember: Anti-lock doesn’t change the time you need to get your foot up to the brake pedal or always decrease stopping distance. If you get too close to the vehicle in front of you, you won’t have time to apply your brakes if that vehicle suddenly slows or stops. Always leave enough room up ahead to stop, even though you have anti-lock brakes. Using Anti-Lock Don’t pump the brakes. Just hold the brake pedal down and let anti-lock work for you. You may feel the brakes vibrate, or you may notice some noise, but this is normal. Braking in Emergencies Use your anti-lock braking system when you need to. With anti-lock, you can steer and brake at the same time. In many emergencies, steering can help you more than even the very best braking. A Q Steering Power Steering If you lose power steering assist because the engine stops or the system is not functioning, you can steer but it will take much more effort. Steering Tips Driving on Curves It’s important to take curves at a reasonable speed. A lot of the “driver lost control” accidents mentioned on the news happen on curves. Here’s why: Experienced driver or beginner, each of us is subject to the same laws of physics when driving on curves. The traction of the tires against the road surface makes it possible for the vehicle to change its path when you turn the front wheels. If there’s no traction, inertia will keep the vehicle going in the same direction. If you’ve ever tried to steer a vehicle on wet ice, you’ll understand this. The traction you can get in a curve depends on the condition of your tires and the road surface, the angle at which the curve is banked, and your speed. While you’re in a curve, speed is the one factor you can control. Suppose you’re steering through a sharp curve. Then you suddenly accelerate. Both control systems -- steering and acceleration -- have to do their work where the tires meet the road. Adding the sudden acceleration can demand too much of those places. You can lose control. What should you do if this ever happens? Ease up on the accelerator pedal, steerthe vehicle the way you want it to go, and slow down. Speed limit signs near curves warn that you should adjust your speed.Of course, the posted speeds are based on good weather and road conditions. Under less favorable conditions you’ll want to go slower. Steering in Emergencies There are times when steering can be more effective than braking. For example, you come over a hill and find a truck stopped in your lane, or a car suddenly pulls out from nowhere, or a child darts out from between parked cars and stops right in front of you. You can avoid these problems by braking -- if you can stop in time. But sometimes you can‘t; there isn’t room. That’s the time for evasive action -- steering around the problem. Your vehicle can perform very well in emergencies like these. First apply your brakes. (See “Braking in Emergencies” earlier in this section.) It is better to remove as much speed as .you can from a possible collision. Then steeraround the problem, to the left or right depending on the space available. If you need to reduce your speed as you approach a curve, do it before you enter the curve, while your front wheels are straight ahead. Try to adjust your speed so you can “drive” through the curve. Maintain a reasonable, steady speed. Wait to accelerate until you are out of the curve, and then accelerate gently into the straightaway. 4-9 Off-Road Recovery You may find sometimethat your right wheels have dropped off the edge of a road onto theshoulder while you’re driving. OFF-ROAD RECOVERY / An emergency like this requires close attention and a quick decision. If you are holding the steering wheel at the recommended 9 and 3 o’clock positions, you can turn it a full 180 degrees very quickly without removing either hand. But you have to act fast, steer quickly, and just as quickly straighten the wheel once you have avoided the object. The fact that such emergency situations are always possible is a good reason to practicedefensive driving at all times and wear safety belts properly. ~ 4-10 w rY/ edge of pawed surface If the level of the shoulder is only slightly below the pavement, recovery should be fairly easy. Ease off the accelerator and then, if there is nothing inthe way, steer so that your vehiclestraddles the edge of the pavement. You can turn the steering wheel upto one-quarter turn until the rightfront tire contacts the pavement edge. Then turn your steering wheel to go straight down the roadway. Passing The driver of a vehicle about to pass another on a two-lane highway waits for justthe right moment, accelerates, moves aroundthe vehicle ahead, then goes back into the right lane again. A simple maneuver? Not necessarily! Passing another vehicleon a two-lane highway is a potentially dangerous move, sincethe passing vehicle occupies the same laneas oncoming traffic for several seconds.A miscalculation, an error in judgment, or abrief surrender to frustration or anger can suddenly put the passing driver face tof x e with the worst of all traffic accidents -- the head-on collision. So here are some tips for passing: “Drive ahead.” Look down the road, to the sides and to crossroads for situationsthat might affect your passing patterns. If you have any doubt whatsoever about making a successful pass, wait for a better time. Watch for traftic signs, pavement markings and lines. If you can see a sign up ahead that might indicate a turn or an intersection, delay your pass.A broken center line usually indicatesit’s all right to pass (providing the road ahead is clear). Never crossa solid line on your side of the lane or a double solid line, even if the road seems empty of approaching traffic. Do not get too close to the vehicle you want to pass while you’re awaiting an opportunity. For one thing, following too closely reduces your area of vision, especially if you’re following a larger vehicle. Also, you won’t have adequate space if the vehicle ahead suddenly slows or stops. Keep back a reasonable distance. When it looks like a chance to pass is coming up, start to accelerate but stay in the right lane and don’t get too close. Time your move so you will be increasing speed as the time comes to move into the other lane. If the way is clear to pass, you will have a “running start”that more than makes up for the distance you would lose by dropping back. And if something happens to cause you to cancel your pass, you need only slow down and drop back again and wait for anotheropportunity. If other cars are lined up to pass a slow vehicle, wait your turn. But take care that someone isn’t trying to pass you as you pull out to pass the slow vehicle. Remember to glance over your shoulder and check the blind spot. Check your mirrors, glance over your shoulder and start your left lane change signal before moving out of the right lane to pass. When you are farenough ahead of the passed vehicle to see its front in your inside mirror, activate your right lane change signal and move back into the right lane. (Remember that your right outside mirror is convex. The vehicle you just passed may seem to be farther away from you than it really is.) 0 Try not to pass more than one vehicle at a time on two-lane roads. Reconsider before passing the next vehicle. Don’t overtake a slowly moving vehicle too rapidly. Even though the brake lamps are not flashing, it may be slowing down or starting to turn. If you’re being passed, make it easy for the following driver toget ahead of you. Perhaps you can ease a little to the right. Loss of Control Let’s review what driving experts say about what happens when the three control systems (brakes, steering and‘acceleration) don’t have enough friction where the tires meet the road to do what the driver has asked. In any emergency, don’t give up. Keep trying to steer and constantly seek an escape route or area of less danger. Skidding In a skid, a driver can lose control of the vehicle. Defensive drivers avoid most skids by taking reasonable care suited to existing conditions, and by not ‘‘overdriving” those conditions. But skids are always possible. The three types of skids correspond to your vehicle’s three control systems. In the braking skid, your wheels aren’t rolling. In the steering or cornering skid, too much speed or steering in a curve causes tires to slip and lose cornering force. And in the acceleration skid, too much throttle causes the driving wheels to spin. A cornering skid and an acceleration skid are best handled by easing your foot off the accelerator pedal. A 13 If your vehicle starts to slide, ease your foot off the accelerator pedal and quickly steer the way you want the vehicle to go. If you start steering quickly enough, your vehicle may straighten out. Always be ready for a second skid if it occurs. Driving at Night Of course, traction is reduced when water, snow, ice, gravel or other material is on the road. For safety, you’ll want to slow down and adjust your driving to these conditions. It is important to slow down on slippery surfaces because stopping distance will be longer and vehicle control more limited. While driving on a surface with reduced traction, try your best to avoid sudden steering, acceleration or braking (including engine braking by shifting to a lower gear). Any sudden changes could cause the tires to slide. You may not realize the surface is slippery until your vehicle is skidding. Learn to recognize warning clues -- such as enough water, ice or packed snow on the road to make a “mirrored surface” -- and slow down when you have any doubt. Remember: Any anti-lock brake system (ABS) helps avoid only the braking skid. Night driving is more dangerous than day driving. One reason is that some drivers are likely to be impaired -- by alcohol or drugs, with night vision problems, or by fatigue. 4-13 Here are some tips on night driving. 0 Drive defensively. 0 Don’t drink and drive. 0 Adjust your inside rearview mirror to reduce the glare from headlamps behind you. 0 Since you can’t see as well, you may need to slow down and keep more space between you and other vehicles. 0 Slow down, especially on higher speed roads. Your headlamps can light up only so much road ahead. 0 In remote areas, watch for animals. 0 If you’re tired, pull off the road in a safe place and rest. Night Vision No one can see as well at night as in the daytime. But as we get older these differences increase. A 50-year-old driver may require at least twice as much light to see the same thing at night as a 20-year-old. What you do in the daytime can also affect your night vision. For example, if you spend the day in bright sunshine you are wise to wear sunglasses. Your eyes will 4-14 have less trouble adjusting to night. But if you’re driving, don’t wear sunglasses at night. They may cut down on glare from headlamps, but they also make a lot of things invisible. You can be temporarily blinded by approaching headlamps. It can take a second or two, or even several seconds, for your eyes to readjust to the dark. When you are faced with severe glare (as from a driver who doesn’t lower the high beams, or a vehicle with misaimed headlamps), slow down a little. Avoid staring directly into the approaching headlamps. Keep your windshield and all the glass on your vehicle clean -- inside and out. Glare at night is made much worse by dirt on the glass. Even the inside of the glass can build up a film caused by dust. Dirty glass makes lights dazzle and flash more than clean glass would, making the pupils of your eyes contract repeatedly. Remember that your headlamps light up far less of a roadway when you are in a turn or curve. Keep your eyes moving; that way, it’s easier to pick out dimly lighted objects. Just as your headlamps should be checked regularly for proper aim, so should your eyes be examined regularly. Some drivers suffer from night blindness -- the inability to see in dim light -- and aren’t even aware of it. hiving in Rain and onWet Roads your tire-to-road traction isn’t as good as on dry roads. And, if your tires don’t have much tread left, you’ll get even less traction. It’s always wise to go slowerand be cautious if rain starts to fall while you are driving. The surface may get wet suddenly when your reflexes are tuned for driving on dry pavement. if your The heavier the rain, the harder it is to see. Even windshield wiper blades are in good shape, aheavy rain can make it harder to see road signs and traffic signals, pavement markings, the edge of the road and even people walking. It’s wise to keep your wiping equipment in good shape and keep your windshield washer tank filled with washer fluid. Replace your windshield wiper inserts when they show signs of streaking or missing areas on the windshield, or when strips of rubber start to separate from the inserts. Rain and wet roads can mean driving trouble. On a wet road, you can’t stop, accelerate orturn as well because 4-15 Wet brakes can causeaccidents. They won’t work well in a quick stop and maycause pulling to one side. You could lose controlof the vehicle. of water or After driving through a large puddle a car wash, apply your brake pedal lightly until your brakeswork normally. Driving too fast through large water puddles or even going through some car washes can cause problems, too. The water may affect your brakes. Try to avoid puddles. But if you can’t, try to slow down before you hit them. 4-16 Hydroplaning Driving Through Deep Standing Water Hydroplaning is dangerous. So much water can build up under your tires that they can actually ride on the water. This canhappen if the road is wet enough and you’re going fast enough.When your vehicle is hydroplaning, it has little or no contact with the road. I NOTICE: If you drive too quickly throughdeep puddles or standing water, watercan come in through your engine’sair intake and badly damage your engine. Never drive through water that is slightly lower than the underbody of your vehicle.If you can’t avoid deep puddlesor standing water, drive through them very slowly. Hydroplaning doesn’t happen often. But it can if your tires haven’t much tread or if the pressure in one or more is low. It can happen if a lot of water is standing on the road. If you can see reflections from trees, telephone poles or other vehicles, and raindrops “dimple” the water’s surface, there could be hydroplaning. Hydroplaning usually happens at higher speeds. There just isn’t a hard and fast rule about hydroplaning. The best advice is to slow down when it is raining. Some Other Rainy Weather Tips 0 Turn on your low-beam headlamps -- not just your parking lamps -- to help make you more visible to others. 0 Besides slowing down,allow some extra following distance. And be especially careful when you pass another vehicle. Allow yourself more clear room ahead, and be prepared to have your view restricted by road spray. Have good tires with proper tread depth. (See “Tires” in the Index.) 4-17 City Driving Here are ways to increase your safety in city driving: Know the best way to get to where you are going. Get a city map and plan your trip into an unknown part of the city just asyou would for a cross-country trip. Try to use the freeways that rim and crisscross most large cities. You’ll save time and energy. (See the next part, “Freeway Driving.”) Treat a green light as a warning signal. A traffic light is there because the corner is busy enough to need it. When a light turns green, and just before you start to move, check both ways for vehicles that have not cleared the intersection or may be running the red light. One of the biggest problems with city streets is the amount of traffic on them. You’ll want to watch out for what the other drivers are doingand pay attention to traffic signals. 4-18 Freeway Driving The most important advice on freeway driving is: Keep up with traffic and keep to the right. Drive at the same speed most of the other drivers aredriving. Too-fast or too-slow driving breaks a smoothtraffic flow. Treat the left lane on a freeway as a passing lane. At the entrance, there is usually a ramp that leads to the freeway. If you have a clear view of the freeway as you drive along the entrance ramp, you should begin to check traffic. Try to determine where you expect to blend with the flow. Try to merge into the gap at close to the prevailing speed. Switch on your turn signal, check your mirrors and glance over your shoulder as often as necessary. Try to blend smoothly with the traffic flow. Once you are on the freeway, adjust your speed to the posted limit or to the prevailing rate if it’s slower. Stay in the right lane unless you want to pass. Before changing lanes, check your mirrors. Then use your turn signal. Mile for mile, freeways (also called thruways, parkways, expressways, turnpikes or superhighways) are the safest of all roads. But they have their own special rules. Just before you leave the lane, glance quickly over your shoulder to make sure there isn’t another vehicle in your “blind” spot. 4-19 Once you are moving on the freeway, make certain you allow a reasonable following distance.Expect to move slightly slower at night. When you want to leave the freeway, move to the proper lane well in advance. If you miss your exit, do not, under any circumstances, stop and back up. Drive on to the next exit. The exit rampcan be curved, sometimes quitesharply. Is your vehicle ready for a long trip? If you keep it serviced and maintained, it’s ready to go. If it needs service, have it done before starting out. Of course, you’ll find experienced and able service experts in GM dealers all across North America. They’ll be ready and willing to help if you need it. Here are some things you can check before a trip: 0 Windshield Washer Fluid: Is the reservoir full? Are all windows clean inside and outside? 0 Wiper Blades: Are they in good shape? 0 Fuel, Engine Oil, Other Fluids:Have you checked all levels? 0 Lamps: Are they all working? Are the lenses clean? 0 Tires: They are vitally important to a safe, trouble-free trip. Is the tread good enough for long-distance driving? Are the tires all inflated to the recommended pressure? 0 Weather Forecasts: What’s the weather outlook along your route? Should you delay your trip a short time to avoid a major storm system‘? 0 Maps: Do you have up-to-date maps? The exit speed is usually posted. Reduce your speed according to your speedometer, not to your sense of motion. After driving for any distance at higher speeds, you may tend to think you are going slower than you actually are. Before Leavingon a Long Trip Make sure you’re ready. Try to be well rested. If you must start when you’re not fresh -- such as after a day’s work -- don’t plan to make too many miles that first part of the journey. Wear comfortable clothingand shoes you can easily drivein. 4-20 Highway Hypnosis Hill and Mountain Roads Is there actually such a condition as “highway hypnosis”? Or is it just plain falling asleep at the wheel? Call it highway hypnosis, lack of awareness, or whatever. There is something about an easy stretch of road with the same scenery, along with the hum of the tires on the road, the drone of the engine, and the rush of the wind against the vehicle that can make you sleepy. Don’t let it happen to you! If it does, your vehicle can leave the road in less than a second, and you could crash and be injured. What can you do about highway hypnosis‘?First, be aware that it can happen. Then here are some tips: 0 Make sure your vehicle is well ventilated, with a comfortably cool interior. Keep your eyes moving. Scan the road ahead and to the sides. Check your mirrorsand your instruments frequently. If you get sleepy, pull off the road into a rest, service or parking areaand take a nap, get some exercise, or both. For safety, treat drowsiness on the hinhway as an emergency. Driving on steep hills or mountains is different from driving in flat or rolling terrain. If you drive regularly in steep country, or if you’re planning to visit there, here are some tips that can make your trips safer and more enjoyable. 4-21 0 Keep your vehicle in good shape. Check all fluid levels and also the brakes, tires, cooling system and transmission. These parts can work hard on mountain roads. rA\ Coasting downhill inNEUTRAL (N) or with the ignition off is dangerous. Yourbrakes will have to do all the work of slowing down. They could getso hot that they wouldn’t work well. You would then have poorbraking or even none going down a hill. You could crash. Always haveyour engine running and your vehicle in gear when you go downhill. Know how to go down hills. The most important thing to know is this: let your enginedo some of the slowing down. Shift to a lower gear when you go down a steep or long hill. A CAUTION: If you don’t shift down, your brakes could getso hot that they wouldn’t work well. You would then have poor braking or even none going downa hill. You could crash. Shift down to let your engine assist your brakes on a steep downhill slope. 0 0 0 0 4-22 CAUTIO : Know how to go uphill. You may want to shift down to a lower gear. The lower gears help coolyour engine and transmission, and you can climb thehill better. Stay in your own lane when driving on two-lane roads in hills or mountains. Don’t swing wide or cut across the center of the road. Drive at speeds that let you stay in your own lane. As you go over the top of a hill, be alert. There could be something in your lane, likea stalled car or an accident. You may see highway signs on mountains that warn of special problems. Examples are long grades, passing or no-passing zones, a falling rocks area or winding roads. Be alert to these and take appropriate action. Winter Driving Here are sometips for winter driving: 0 Have your vehicle in good shape for winter. 0 You may want to put winter emergency supplies in your vehicle. Include an ice scraper, a small brush or broom, a supply of windshield washer fluid, a rag, some winter outer clothing, a small shovel, a flashlight, red a cloth and a couple of reflective warning triangles. And, if you will be driving under severe conditions, include small a bag of sand, a pieceof old carpet or a coupleof burlap bags to help provide traction. Be sure you properly secure these items in your vehicle. Driving on Snow or Ice Most of the time, those places where your tires meet the road probably have good traction. However, if there is snow or ice between your tires and the road, you can have a very slippery situation. You’ll have a lot less traction or “grip” and will need to be very careful. What’s the worst time for this‘? “Wet ice.” Very cold snow or ice can be slick and hard to drive on. But wet ice can be even more trouble because it may offer the least traction of all. You can get wet ice when it’s about freezing (32°F; 0°C) and freezing rain begins to fall. Try to avoid driving on wet ice until salt and sand crews can get there. 4-23 t 2. I Whatever the condition -- smooth ice, packed, blowing or loose snow -- drive with caution. If You’re Caught in a Blizzard Accelerate gently. Try not to breakthe fragile traction. If you accelerate too fast, the drive wheels will spin and 1 polish the surface under the tires even more. < ,’ $ % e ,’ 8 ,,’ ’: 1’ Your anti-lock brakes improve your vehicle’s stability when you make a hard stop on a slippery road. Even though you have an anti-lock braking system, you’ll want to begin stopping sooner than you would on dry pavement. See “Anti-Lock” in the Index. Allow greater following distance on any slippery road. Watch for slippery spots. The road might be fine until you hit a spot that’s covered with ice. On an otherwiseclear road, ice patches may appear in shaded areas where the sun can’t reach: around clumps of trees, behind buildings or under bridges. Sometimes the surface of a curve or an overpass may remain icy when the surrounding roads are clear. If you see a patch of ice aheadof you, brake before you are on it.Try not to brake while you’re actually on the ice, and avoid sudden steering maneuvers, If you are stopped by heavy snow, you could be in a serious situation. You should probably stay with your vehicle unless you know for surethat you are near help and you can hike through the snow. Here are some things to do to summon help and keep yourself and your passengers safe: 0 Turn on your hazard flashers. 0 Tie a red cloth to your vehicle to alert police that you’ve been stoppedby the snow. 0 Put on extra clothing or wrap a blanket around you. If you have no blankets or extra clothing,make body insulators fromnewspapers, burlap bags, rags,floor mats -- anything you can wrap around yourself or tuck under your clothingto keep warm. I A CAUTION: Snow can trap exhaust gases under your vehicle. This can cause deadly CO (carbonmonoxide) gas to get inside. CO could overcome you and kill you. You can’t see it or smell it, so you might not know it is in your vehicle. Clear away snow from around the base of your vehicle, especiallyany that is blocking your exhaust pipe. And check around again from time to time to be suresnow doesn’t collect there. Open a window just a little on the side of the vehicle that’s away from the wind. This will help keep CO out. i You can run the engine to keepwarm, but be careful. i 4-25 Run your engine only as long as you must. This saves fuel. When you run the engine, make it go a little faster than just idle. Thatis, push the accelerator slightly. This uses less fuel for the heat that you get and it keeps the battery (or batteries) charged. You will need a well-charged battery (or batteries) to restart the vehicle, and possibly for signaling later on with your headlamps. Let the heater run for awhile. If you have a diesel engine, you may have to run it at a higher speed to get enough heat. Then, shut the engine off and close the window almost all the way to preserve the heat. Start the engine again and repeat this only when you feel really uncomfortable from the cold. But do it as little as possible. Preserve the fuel as long as you can. To help keep warm, you can get out of the vehicle and do some fairly vigorous exercises every half hour or so until help comes. 4-26 Loading Your Vehicle The Certificationflirelabel is found on the rear edge of the driver’s door. The label shows the size of your original tires and the inflation pressures needed to obtain the gross weight capacity your vehicle. This is called GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). The GVWR includes the weight of the vehicle, all occupants, fuel and cargo. The Certification/Tire label also tells you the maximum weights for the front and rear axles, called Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). To fine out theactual loads on your frontand rear axles, you need to go to a weigh station and weigh your vehicle. Your dealer can help you with this. Be sure to spreadout your load equally on both sides of the centerline. Never exceed the GVWRfor your vehicle, orthe GAWR for either the front rear or axle. And, if you do have a heavy load, you should spread it out. Do not load your vehicle any heavier than the GVWR, or either themaximum front or rear GAWR. If you do, parts on your vehicle can break,or itcan change the way your vehicle handles. These could cause you to lose control. Also, overloading can shorten thelife of your vehicle. A CAUTION: 1 ~ I Things you put inside your vehicle can strike and injurepeople in a sudden stopor turn, or in a crash. Put things in the cargo area of your vehicle. Try to spread theweight evenly. Never stack heavier things, like suitcases, inside the vehicle so that some of them are above the tops of the seats. Don’t leave an unsecured child restraint in your vehicle. When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can. Don’t leave a seat folded down unless you need to. 4-27 Towing a Trailer ~ ~ NOTICE: If you don’t use the correctequipment and drive properly, you can lose control when you pull a trailer. For example, if the traileris too heavy, the brakes may not work well or even at all. You and your passengers could be seriously injured. Pull a trailer only if you have followed all the steps in this section. Ask your GM dealer for advice and information about towing a trailer with your vehicle. -- Pulling a trailer improperly can damage your vehicle and result in costly repairs not covered by your warranty. To pull a trailer correctly, follow the advice in this part, andsee your GM dealer for importantinformation about towing a trailer with your vehicle. Your vehicle can tow a trailer. To identify what the vehicle trailering capacity is for your vehicle, you should read the information in “Weight of the Trailer’’ that appears later in this section. But trailering is different than just driving your vehicle by itself. Trailering means changes in handling, durability and fuel economy. Successful, safetrailering takes correct equipment, and it has to be used properly. That’s the reason for this section. In it are many time-tested, important trailering tips and safety rules. Many of these are important for your safety and that of your passengers. So please read this section carefully before you pull a trailer. ,4128 If You Do Decide To Pull A Trailer 0 Then, during the first 500 miles (800 km) that you tow a trailer, don’t drive over 50 mph (80 kmh) and don’t make startsat full throttle. This helps your engine and other parts of your vehicle wear in at the heavier loads. 0 You should use DRIVE (D) (or, as you need to, a lower gear)when towing a trailer. Operating your vehicle in DRIVE (D) when towing a trailer will minimize heat build-up and extendthe life of your transmission. If you do, here are some importantpoints: 0 0 0 There are many different laws, including speed limit restrictions, having to do with trailering. Make sure your rig will be legal, not only where you live but also where you’ll be driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial police. Consider using a sway controlif your trailer will weigh 4,000 lbs. (1 800 kg) or less. You should always use a sway control if your trailer will weigh more than 4,000 lbs. ( 1 800 kg). You can ask ahitch dealer aboutsway controls. Don’t tow a trailer at all during the first 500 miles (800 km) your new vehicle is driven. Your engine, axle or other parts could be damaged. Three important considerationshave to dowith weight: the weight of the trailer, the weight of the trailer tongue and the weight on your vehicle’s tires. Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a trailer safely be? It depends on how you plan to use your rig. For example, speed, altitude, road grades, outside temperature and how much your vehicle is used to pull a trailer are all important. And, it can also depend on any special equipment that you have on your vehicle. The following chart shows how much your trailer can weigh, based upon vehicle model and options. 4-30 ModelEngineAxleRatioWeight 3.42 G 10000 4.3L 3.73 5 .OL 3.42 5.7L 3.42 3.73 G20000 4.3L 3.42 4.10 5 .OL 3.42 5.7L 3.42 3.73 4.10 6.5L 3.73 4.10 5.7L G30000 3.73 4.10 6.5L 3.73 4.10 7.4L 3.42 3.73 4.10 Max. Trailer (lbs.) (kg) 4000 (1816) (2043) 4500 5000 (2270) 5500 (2497) (2724) 6000 4000 (1816) (2270) 5000 5000 (2270) 5500 (2497) (2724) 6000 7500 (3405) 6500 (295 1) 8000 (3632) 6000 (2724) 7500 (3405) 6500 (295 1 ) 8000 (3632) 7000 (3178) 8000 (3632) 10,000 (4540) Maximum trailer weight is calculated assuming the driver and one passenger are inthe towing vehicle andit has all the required trailering equipment. The weight of additional equipment, passengersand cargo in the towing vehicle must be must be subtracted from the above maximum trailer weights. You can ask your dealer for our trailering information or advice, or you can write us at the address listed in your Warranty and Owner Assistance Information Booklet. In Canada, write to: General Motors of Canada Limited Customer Communication Centre 1908 Colonel Sam Drive Oshawa, OntarioL 1H 8P7 Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total or gross weight of your vehicle. The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any cargo you may carry in it, and the people who will be riding in the vehicle. And if you will tow a trailer, you must add the tongue load to the GVW because your vehicle will be carrying that weight, too. See “Loading Your Vehicle” in the Index for more information about your vehicle’s maximum load capacity. A B 4-31 If you’re using your platform hitch as aweight-carrying hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 10 percent of the total loaded trailer weight (B). If you’re using your platform hitch as a weight-distributing hitch, the trailer tongue (A) should weigh 12 percent of the total loaded trailer weight (B). After you’ve loaded your trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. If they aren’t, you may be able to get them right simply by moving some itemsaround in the trailer. Hitches It’s important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by and rough roads are a few reasons why you’ll need the right hitch. Here are some rules to follow: 0 The bumpers on your vehicle are not intended for hitches. Do not attach rental hitches or other bumper-type hitches to them. Use only a frame-mounted hitch that does not attach to the bumper. Do not use a ball hitch, because it could pull the bumper loose. 0 If you’ll be pulling a trailer that, when loaded, will weigh more than 4,000 lbs. (1 800 kg), be sure to use a properly mounted, weight-distributing hitch and sway control of the proper size. This equipment is very important for proper vehicle loading and good handling when you’re driving. Total Weight on Your Vehicle’s Tires Be sure your vehicle’s tires are inflated to the limit for cold tires. You’ll find these numbers on the Certification label at the rear edge of the driver’sdoor or see “Tire Loading” in the Index. Then be sure you don’t go over the GVW limit for yourvehicle, including the weight of the trailer tongue. 4-32 0 Will you have to make any holes in the body of your vehicle when you install a trailer hitch? If you’re using the wiring provided by the factory-installed hitch, you should not need to make any holes in the body of your vehicle. However, if you have an aftermarket hitch installed, :you may need to make holes in the body. If you do, then be sure to seal the holes later when you remove the hitch. If you don’t seal them, deadly carbon monoxide (CO) from your exhaust can get into your vehicle(see “Carbon Monoxide” in the Index). Dirt and water can, too. Safety Chains You should always attach chains between your vehicle and your trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer so that the tongue will not drop tothe road if it becomes separated fromthe hitch. Instructions about safety chains may be provided by the hitch manufacturer or by the trailer manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for attaching safety chains and do not attach them to the bumper. Always leave just enoughslack so you can turn with your rig. And, never allow safety chains to drag on the ground. Trailer Brakes If your trailer weighs more than 1,000 lbs.(450 kg) loaded, then it needs its own brakes -- and they must be adequate. Be sure to read and follow the instructionsfor the trailer brakes so you’ll be able to install, adjust and maintain them properly. Driving with a m .’.er If you have a rear-most window open and you pull a trailer with your vehicle, carbon monoxide (CO) could comeinto your vehicle. You can’t see or smell CO. It can cause unconsciousness or death. (See “Engine Exhaust” in the Index.) To maximize your safety when towinga trailer: a Have your exhaust system inspected for leaks, and make necessary repairs before starting on your trip. a Keep the rear-most windows closed. a If exhaust does come into your vehicle through a window in therear or another opening, drive with your front, main heating or cooling system on and with the fan on any speed. This will bring fresh, outside air into your vehicle. Do not use MAX A/C because it only recirculates the air inside your vehicle. (See“Comfort Controls” in the Index.) 4-34 Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Before setting out for the open road, you’ll want to get to know your rig. Acquaint yourself with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of the trailer. And always keep in mind that the vehicle you are driving isnow a good deal longer and not nearly as responsive as your vehicle is by itself. Before you start, checkthe trailer hitch and platform (and attachments), safety chains, electrical connector, lamps, tires and mirror adjustment. If the trailer has electric brakes, start your vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the trailer brake controller by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This lets you check your electrical connection at the same time. During your trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure, and that the lamps and any trailer brakes are still working. Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving your vehicle without a trailer. This can help you avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns. Passing You’ll need more passing distance up ahead when you’re towing atrailer. And, because you’re a good deal longer, you’ll need to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before you can return to your lane. Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, to movethe trailer to the left, just move that hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guideyou. Making firns I NOTICE: Making very sharp turns while trailering could cause the trailer to come in contact with the vehicle. Your vehicle couldbe damaged. Avoid making very sharp turns while trailering. When you’re turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this so your trailer won’t strike soft shoulders, curbs,road signs, trees or other objects. Avoid jerky or suddenmaneuvers. Signal well in advance. lhrn Signals When Towing a Trailer When you tow a trailer, your vehicle has to have extra wiring and a heavy-duty turn signal flasher (included in the optional trailering package). The green arrows on your instrument panel will flash whenever you signal a turn or lane change.Properly hooked up, thetrailer lamps will also flash, telling other drivers you’re about to turn, changelanes or stop. When towing atrailer, the green arrows on your instrument panel will flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. Thus, you may think drivers behind you are seeing your signal when they are not. It’s important to check occasionallyto be sure the trailer bulbs are still working. 4-35 Driving On Grades Parking on Hills Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before you start down a long or steep downgrade.If you don’t shift down, you might have to useyour brakes so much that they would get hot and no longer work well. You really should not park your vehicle, with a trailer attached, on a hill. If something goes wrong, your rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both your vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce your speed to around 45 mph (70 k d h ) to reduce the possibility of engine and transmission overheating. But if you ever have to park your rig on a hill, here’s how to do it: 1. Apply your regular brakes, but don’t shift into PARK (P) yet. Then turn your wheels into the curb if facing downhill or into traffic if facing uphill. ’ When towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, consider the following: Engine coolant will boil at a lower temperature than at normal altitudes. If you turn your engine off immediately after towing at high altitude on steep uphill grades, your vehicle may show signs similar to engine overheating. To avoid this, let the engine run while parked (preferablyon level ground) with the automatic transmission in PARK (P) for a few minutes before turning the engine off. If you do get the overheat warning, see “Engine Overheating” in the Index. 4-36 2. Have someone place chocks under the trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the regular brakes until the chocks absorbthe load. 4. Re-apply the regular brakes. Then apply your parking brake and then shift to PARK (P). 5. Release the regular brakes. When You Are Ready to Leave After Parking on aHill 1. Apply your regular brakes and hold the pedal down while you: Start your engine; Shift into a gear; and Release the parking brake. 2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear of the chocks. 4. Stop and have someone pick up and store the chocks. Main mr ce When Trailer Towing ~ ~ Your vehicle will need service more oftenwhen you’re pulling a trailer. See the Maintenance Schedule formore on this. Things that are especially importantin trailer operation are automatictransmission fluid (don’t overfill), engine oil, axle lubricant,belt, cooling system and brake adjustment. Each of these is covered in this manual, and the Index will help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to review these sections before you start your trip. Trailer Wiring Harness The eight-wire harness, if you have one, is stored under your vehicle along the rear frame crossmember. It is wrapped and bound with a plastic strap. The harness has a 30-amp battery feed and no connector, and you should have a qualified electrical serviceperson wire your harness for you. Attach the harness to the trailer, then tape or strap it to your vehicle’s frame rail. Be sure you leave it loose enough so the wiring doesn’t bend or break, but not so loose that it drags on the ground. Store the harness in its original place. Wrap the harness together and tie it neatly so it won’t be damaged. The five-wire harness, if you have one, is stored inside the vehicle at the passenger side rear corner, behind the jack. This should be wired by a qualifiedelectrical service person. It must be routed out of your vehicle between the rear door and the floor, with enough of the harness left on both sides so that the trailer or the body won’t pull it. Store the harness in its original place. Wrap the harness together and tie it neatly so it won’t be damaged. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight. 4-37 NOTES 4-38 NOTES 4-39 NOTES 4-40 Section 5 Problems on theRoad Here you’ll find what to do about some problems that can occur on the road. Hazard Warning Flashers Your hazard warning flashers let you warn others. They also let police know you have a problem. Your front and rear turn signal lamps will flash on and off. But they won’t flash if you’re braking. Push the button at the top of the steering column all the way down to make your front and rear turn signals flash on and off. Your hazard warning flashers work no matter what position your key is in, and even if the key isn’t in. 5-1 To turn off the flashers, push the button until the first click and release. When the hazard warning flashers areon, your turn signals won’t work. Other Warning Devices If you carry reflective triangles, you can use them to warn others. Set one up at the side of the road about 300 feet (100 m) behind your vehicle. Jump Starting If your battery has run down, you may wantto use another Iehicle and somejumper cables to start your vehicle. But )lease use the following steps listedto do it safely. A CAUTJON: Batteries can hurt you. They can be dangerous because: They contain acid that can burn you. They contain gas that can explode or ignite. They contain enough electricityto burn you. If you don’t follow these steps exactly, someor all of these things can hurt you. 5-2 NOTICE: Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that wouldn’t be covered by your warranty. Trying to startyour vehicle by pushing or pulling it won’t work, and itcould damage your vehicle. 1. Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system. NOTICE: If the othersystem isn’t a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. If you have a diesel engine vehicle with two batteries (or more) you should know before you begin that, especially in cold weather, you may not be able to get enough power from a single battery in another vehicle to start your diesel engine. If your vehicle has more than one battery, use the battery that is under the hood of the vehicle -- this will reduce the electrical resistance. 2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be surethe vehicles aren’t touching each other. If they are, it could cause a ground connection you don’t want. You wouldn’t be able to start your vehicle, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems. Set the parking brake firmlyon each vehicle. Put an automatic transmission in PARK (P) or amanual transmission in NEUTRAL (N). 3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lamps that aren’t needed, and radios. Thiswill avoid sparks and help save both batteries, and could save your radio! NOTICE: If you leaveyour radioon, it could be badly damaged. The repairswould not be covered by your warranty. 4. Open the hoods and locate the batteries. Find the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals on each battery. A CAUTION: Using a match near a battery cancause battery gas to explode. People have been hurt doing this, and some have been blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery (or batteries) has enough water. You don’t need to add water to theDelco Freedom@ battery (or batteries) installed in every new GM vehicle. But if a battery hasfiller caps, be sure the right amount of fluid is there. If it is low, add water to take careof that first. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Don’t getit on you. If you accidentally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the place with water and get medical help immediately. 5. Check that the jumpercables don’t have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock. The vehicles could be damaged,too. Before you connect thecables, here are somebasic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will.go tonegative (-) or a metal engine part. Don’t connect positive (+) to negative (-) or you will get a short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts, too. - I /I\ CAUTION: Fans or other moving engine parts can injure you 6. Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) badly. Keep your hands away from moving parts terminal of the vehicle with the dead battery. Use a once the engines are running. remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. 5-4 7. Don’t let the other end touch metal. Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. 8. Now connect the black negative (-) cable to the good battery’s negative (-) terminal. Don’t let the other end touch anything until the next step. 9. Make your last connection away from the battery, to the engine block, frame or othermetal parts of your vehicle. 10. Now start the vehicle with the good battery and run the engine for a while. 11. Try to start the vehicle with the dead battery. If it won’t start after a few tries, it probably needs service. 5-5 12. Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they don’t touch each other or any other metal. I B + Towing Your Vehicle Try to have yourGM dealer or a professional towing service tow your vehicle. They can provide the right equipment and know how to tow it without damage. See “Roadside Assistance” in your Index. If your vehicle has been changed since it was factory-new, by adding things like fog lamps, aero skirting, or special tires and wheels, these things could be damaged during towing. Before you do anything, turnon the hazard warning flashers. When you call, tell the towing service: That your vehicle has rear wheel drive. 0 0 C . Dead Battery The make, model and yearof your vehicle. 0 Whether you can move the shift lever for the transmission. 0 If there was an accident, what was damaged. A. Engine Block, Frame, Heavy Metal Engine Part B. Good Battery , IA I A CAUTION: CAUTION: To help avoid injury to you or others: 0 Never let passengers ride in a vehicle that is being towed. Never tow faster thansafe or posted speeds. 0 Never tow with damaged parts not fully secured. 0 Never get under your vehicle after it has been lifted by the tow truck. Always use separate safety chains on each side when towing a vehicle. I I A vehicle can fall from a car carrierif it isn’t adequately secured. This can cause a collision, serious personal injury and vehicle damage. The vehicle should be tightly secured with chains or steel cables before it is transported. Don’t use substitutes (ropes, leather straps, canvas webbing, etc.) that canbe cut by sharp edges underneath the towed vehicle. When your vehicle is being towed, have the ignition key off. The steering wheel should be clamped in a straight-ahead position, with a clamping device designed for towing service.Do not use the vehicle’s steering column lock for this. Thetransmission should be in NEUTRAL (N) and the parking brake should be released. 5-7 Front Towing A towing dolly must be used under the drive wheels when towingfrom the front. Tow Limits -- 35 mph (56 km/h), 50 miles (80 km) NOTICE: Do not tow with sling-type equipment or the front bumper system will be damaged. Use wheel-lift or car-carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car-carrier equipment. Use safety chains and wheel straps. Towing a vehicle over rough surfaces could damage a vehicle or wheel-lift equipment. To help avoid damage, install a towing dolly a,nd raise the vehicle until adequateclearance is obtained between the ground and/or wheel-lift equipment. Rear Towing NOTICE: Do not tow the vehicle from therear with loads approaching rated GVW as theweight transfer will cause the frontsuspension to become overloaded. NOTICE: Do not tow with the sling-type equipment or the rear bumperwill be damaged. Use wheel-lift or car-carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car-carrier equipment. Use safety chains and wheel straps. Towing a vehicle over rough surfaces could damage a vehicle. To help avoid damage, install a towing dolly and raise thevehicle until adequate clearance is obtained between the ground and/or wheel-lift equipment. 5-9 Engine Overheating (Gasoline Engine) You will find a coolant temperature gage on your vehicle instrument panel. If you have a diesel engine, you will also find a low coolant light on your instrument panel. If your vehicle has a diesel engine, see"Engine Overheating" in the GM Diesel Engine Supplement. If Steam Is Coming From Your Engine --- - >?. Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, evenif you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you seeor hearsteam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until itcools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before opening the hood. If you keep driving when your engine is overheated, the liquids in it cancatch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop your engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool. NOTICE: If your engine catches fire because you keep driving with no coolant, your vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by your warranty. 5-10 If No Steam Is Coming From Your Engine If you get the overheat warning but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hotwhen you: 0 Climb a long hill on a hot day. 0 Stop after high-speed driving. 0 Idle for long periods in traffic. 0 Tow a trailer. See “Driving on Grades” in the Index. If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for aminute or so: 1. If you have an air conditioner, turn it off. 2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the highest fan speed and openthe window as necessary. If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just tobe safe, drive slower forabout 10 minutes. If the warning doesn’t come back on, you can drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away. If there’s still no sign of steam, you can idle the engine for two or three minutes while you’re parked, to push the accelerator until the engine speed is about twice as fast as normal idle speed. Bring the engine speed back to normal idle speed after two or three minutes. Now see if the warning stops. But then, if you still have the warning, turn o f t h e engine and get everyone out qf the vehicle until it cools down. You may decide not to lift the hood but to get service help right away. 3. If you’re in a traffic jam, shift to NEUTRAL (N); otherwise, shift to the highest gear while driving -- DRIVE (D). 5-11 Cooling System If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, don’t do anything else until it cools down. When you decide it’s safe to lift the hood, here’s what you’ll see: A. Radiator Pressure Cap B. Coolant Recovery Tank C. Engine Fan(s) 5-12 The coolant level should be at or above the FULL COLD mark. If it isn’t, you may have a leak in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump or somewhere else in the cooling system. A CAUTION: Heater and radiatorhoses, and otherengine parts, can be very hot. Don’t touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Don’t run theengine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, andyou could be burned. Get anyleak fixed before you drive thevehicle. NOTICE: Engine damage from runningyour engine without coolant isn’t covered by your warranty. If there seems to be no leak,start the engine again. See if the fan speed increases when idle speed is doubled by pushing the accelerator pedal down. If it doesn’t, your vehicle needs service. Turn off the engine. How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Recovery Tank If you haven’t found a problem yet, but the coolant level isn’t at the FULL COLD mark, add a 5060 mixture of clean water (preferably distilled) and DEX-COOL’” (orange-colored, silicate-free) antifreezeat the coolant recovery tank. (See “Engine Coolant”in the Index for more information.) Adding only plain water toyour cooling sy,,,m can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid like alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mix will. Your vehicle’scoolant warning system is set for the propercoolant mix. With plain wateror thewrong mix, your engine could get too hot but you wouldn’t get the overheat warning. Your engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mix of clean water and DEX=COOL antifreeze. TM c 1 1 I NOTICE: ~~ In cold weather, water can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core and other parts. Use the recommended coolant and the proper coolant mix. A CAIJTION: You can be b ed if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and itwill burn if the engine parts arehot enough. Don’t spillcoolant on a hot engine. When the coolant in the coolant recovery tank is at the FULL COLD mark, start your vehicle. If the overheat warning continues, there’s one more thing you can try. You can add the proper coolant mix directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before you do it. 5-14 Steam and scalding liquids froma hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. They are underpressure, and if you turn the pressure cap even a little they can come out at high speed. Neverturn thecap when the cooling system, including the radiatorpressure cap,is hot. Wait for the cooling system and radiator pressure capto cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap. -- -- 5-15 How to Add Coolant to the Radiator 2. Then keep turning the pressure cap,but now push down as you turn it. Removethe pressure cap. 1. You can remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system, including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot.Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise until it first stops. (Don’t press down while turning the pressure cap.) If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left. 5-16 I 3. Fill the radiator with the proper mix, up to the base of the fillerneck. 4. Then fill the coolant recoverytank to the FULL COLD mark. 5-17 I 5. Put the cap back on the coolant recovery tank, but leave the radiator pressure capoff. 6. Start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine fan. 7. By this time the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base of the filler neck. 5-18 Engine Fan Noise Your vehicle has a clutched engine cooling fan. When the clutch is engaged, the fan spins faster to provide more air to cool the engine. In most every day driving conditions, the fan is spinning slower and clutch is not fully engaged. This improves fuel economy and reduces fan noise. Under heavy vehicle loading, trailer towing and/or high outside temperatures, the fan speed increases as the clutch more fully engages. So you may hear an increase in fan noise. This is normal and should not be mistaken as the transmission slipping or making extra shifts. It is merely the cooling system functioning properly. The fan will slow down when additional cooling is not required and the clutch partially disengages. 8. Then replace the pressure cap. At any time during this procedure if coolant begins to flow out of the filler neck, reinstall the pressure cap. Be sure the arrows on the pressure cap line up like this. You may also hear this Fan noise when you start the engine. It will go away as the fan clutch partially disengages. 5-19 If a Tire Goes Flat Changing a Flat Tire It’s unusual for a tireto “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do: If a tire goes flat,avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on your hazard warning flashers. If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a dragthat pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer tomaintain lane position, and then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout, remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by steering the way you want the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop -- well off the road if possible. If a tire goes flat,the next part shows how to use your jacking equipment to change a flat tire safely. 5-20 I Changing a tire can cause an injury. The vehicle can slip off the jack androll over you or other people. You and they could be badly injured. Find a level place to change your tire. To help prevent the vehicle from moving: 1. Set the parking brakefirmly. 2. Put the shift lever in PARK (P). 3. ”urn off the engine. To be even more certain thevehicle won’t move, you can put blocks at the front and rear of the tire farthestaway from the one being changed. That would be the tireon the otherside of the vehicle, at the opposite end. Removing the Spare Tire and Tools The following steps will tell you how to use the jack and change a tire. Your spare tire is stored underneath the rear of your vehicle. You will use the ratchet and extension to lower the spare tire. 5-21 NOTICE: Never remove or restorea tire frondto a stowage position under the vehicle while the vehicle is supported bya jack. Always tighten the tire fully against the underside of the vehicle when restowing A flat rear tire reduces clearance to remove the spare tire. If there is less than 12 inches (30.48 cm) between the ground and the rear bumper or any trailer hitch, jack up the vehicle until the flat tireis off the ground. (See “Removing the Flat Tire” and “Installing the Spare Tire,’’ Steps 4 through 8, in this section.) Unless your vehicle has a flatrear tire, do not remove or restore a tire from/to a stowage position under the vehicle while the vehicle is supported by a jack.Always tighten the tire fully against the underside of the vehicle when restowing. 5-22 If you have a vehicle which was completed from a cab and chassis, refer to the information from the body suppliedinstaller. The spare tire is a full size tire, like the other tires on your vehicle. For cargo vans, the jack is secured in the rear Remove the retaining wing bolt and lift it off the mounting bracket. Set the jack and jacking equipment near the flat tire. The ratchet has an UP side anda DOWN side. For passenger vans, the jack is secured on the rear passenger side floorof the vehicle. Remove the retaining wing bolt and lift it out of the mounting bracket. Setthe jack and jacking equipment near the flat tire. 5-23 inside of the wheel and pull the spare tire out from under the vehicle. When the tire has been lowered, tilt the retainer at the end of the cable and pull it through the wheel opening. Attach the ratchet, with the DOWN side facing you, to the extension. The extension has a socket end and a flat chisel end. Put the flat end of the extension on an angle through the hole in the rear door frame, above the bumper. Be sure the flat end connects into the hoist shaft. Turn the ratchet counterclockwise to lower the spare tire to the ground. If you are changing aflat rear tire and the vehicle is already jacked up, use the jack handle and extension to hook the cable. Then pull the spare from beneath the vehicle. If the retainer pulls out, hook the 5-24 I NOTICE: To help avoid vehicle damage,do not drive vehicle before the cableis restored. Jacking Tool Storage A. Socket B. Jack Handle The tools you’ll be using include the jack (A), jack handle extension (B), jack handle (C), socket (D) and the ratchet (E). C. Ratchet D. Jacking Tool Storage Box E. Jack Handle Extension 5-25 Removing the Wheel Coversand Locking Wheel Nuts 2. Loosen the plastic nut caps with the ratchet and socket and remove them. Make sure the DOWN side faces you. 1. You will need to take off the wheel n u t caps to reach your wheel nuts. 5-26 Removing the Flat Tire and Installing the Spare Tire 3. Remove the center cap. I . With the DOWN side Facing you, use the ratchet and socket to loosen a l l the wheel nuts. Don't remove them yet. 5-27 3. Rotate the ratchet clockwise. That will raise the jack lift head a little. 2 . The jackhas a bolt on the end. AtLach the socket end of the extension to the jack bolt. Attach the ratchet to the extension with the UP side facing you. 5-28 Front Position 4. Position jack under the vehicle as shown. Rear Position AC A UTION: 5. Raise the vehicle by rotating the ratchet clockwise. Make sure the UP mark faces you. Raise the vehicle h r enough off the ground so there is enough room for the spare tire to fit. Getting undera vehicle when itis jacked up is dangerous. If the vehicle slipsoff the jack, you could be badly injuredor killed. Never get under a vehicle when it is supported onlyby a jack. 5-29 6. Remove all the wheel nuts, and take off the flat tire. 7. Remove any rust or dirt from the wheel bolts, mounting surfaces and spare wheel. A CAUTION: Rust or dirton the wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make thewheel nuts become looseafter atime. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirtfrom the places where the wheel attaches to thevehicle. In an emergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush later, if you need to, to get all the rustor dirt off. I A CAUTION: Never use oilor grease on studs or nuts. If you do, the nutsmight come loose. Your wheel could fall off, causing a serious accident. I 5-30 I 8. Replace the wheel nuts with the rounded end of the nuts toward the wheel. Tighten each wheel nut by hand until the wheel is held against the hub. 10. Tighten the nuts firmly in a criss-cross sequence as shown. Rotate the wheel wrench clockwise. 9. Lower the vehicle by rotating the jack handle counterclockwise. Lowerthe jack completely. 5-31 A CAUTION: Incorrect wheel nuts orimproperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel to become loose and even comeoff. This could lead to anaccident. Be sure touse the correctwheel nuts. If youhave to replace them, be sure toget new GM original equipment wheel nuts. Stop somewhere as soon as you can and have the nutstightened with a torque wrench to 122 lb-ft (165 Nom). 5-32 NOTICE: Improperly tightened wheel nuts can lead to brake pulsation and rotordamage. To avoid expensive brake repairs, evenly tighten the wheel nuts in the propersequence and to the proper torque specification. 11. Put the wheel cover back on, if you have one. Remove any wheel blocks. Remember that the jack, jackingequipment and tire must be properly stored in their original storage position before you begin driving again. The next part will show you how. Storing a Flat or Spare Tire and Tools Storing a jack, a tire or other equipment in the passenger compartmentof the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strikesomeone. Store all these in the proper place. I . Put the tire on the ground at the rear of the vehicle, with the valve stem pointed down. 2. Pull the retaining bar through the center of the wheel, making sure it is properly attached. 5-33 3. Pull the wheel toward the rear of the vehicle keep the cable tight. 5-34 4. Attach the ratchet, with the UP side facing you, to the extension. If You’re Stuck: In Sand, Mud, Ice or Snow What you don’t want to do when your vehicle is stuck is to spin your wheels too fast. The method known as “rocking’’ can help you get out when you’re stuck, but you must use caution. 5. Put the flat end of the extension on an angle through the hole in the rear door frame, abovethe bumper. Turn the ratchet clockwise until the tire is against the underside of the vehicle. You will hear two “clicks” when the tire is up all the way. Try to move the tire with your hands to make sure it is securely in place. If you let your tires spin at high speed, they can explode, and you or others could be injured. And, the transmission or other partsof the vehicle can overheat. That could cause an engine compartment fireor otherdamage. When you’re stuck, spin thewheels as little as possible. Don’t spin the wheels above 35 mph (55 km/h) as shown on the speedometer. Return the jacking equipment tothe proper location. Secure the items and replace the jack cover. L 2t I NOTICE: Spinning your wheels can destroy parts of your vehicle as well as the tires. If you spin the wheels too fast while shifting your transmission back and forth, you can destroy your transmission. ~ ~ ~~ For information about usingtire chains onyour vehicle, see “Tire Chains” in the Index. 5-36 Rocking your vehicleto get it out: First, turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area around your front wheels. Then shift back and forth between REVERSE (R) and a forward gear, spinning the wheels as little as possible. Release the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transmission is in gear. If that doesn’t get you out after a few tries, you may need to be towed out. I f you do need to be towed out, see “Towing Your Vehicle” in the Index. Section 6 Service and Appearance Care Here you will find information about the care of your vehicle. This section begins with service and fuel information, and then it shows how to check important fluid and lubricant levels. There is also technical information about your vehicle, and a part devoted to its appearance care. We hope you’ll want to keep your GM vehicle all GM. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks: Service Your GM dealer knows yourvehicle best and wants you to be happy with it. We hope you’ll go to your dealer for all your service needs. You’ll get genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. Doing Your Own Service Work If you want to do some of your own service work, you’ll want to get the proper GM Service Manual. It tells you much more about how to service your vehicle than this manual can. To order the proper service manual, see “Service and Owner Publications’’ in the Index. Your vehicle may have an air bag system. If it does, see “Servicing Your Air Bag-Equipped Vehicle” in the Index before attempting to do your own service work. You should keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work you perform. See “MaintenanceRecord” in the Index. You can be injured and your vehicle could be damaged if you try todo service work on a vehicle without knowing enough about it. Be sure you have sufficient knowledge, experience, and the proper replacement parts and tools before you attempt any vehicle maintenance task. 0 Be sure to use the proper nuts, bolts and other fasteners. “English” and “metric” fasteners canbe easily confused.If you use the wrong fasteners, parts can later break or fall off. You could be hurt. 6-2 Fuel (Gasoline Engine) If your vehicle has a diesel engine, see “Diesel Fuel Requirements and Fuel System” in the Diesel Engine Supplement. For vehicles with gasoline engines, please read this. Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. At a minimum, it should meet specifications ASTM D48 14 in the United States and CGSB 3.5-M93 in Canada. Improved gasoline specifications have been developed by the American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) for better vehicle performance and engine protection. Gasolines meeting the AAMA specification could provide improved driveability and emission control system protection compared to other gasolines. Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you still hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accelerating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid ofpinging. It’s the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem. If your vehicle is certified to meet California Emission Standards (indicated on the underhood tune-up label), it is designed to operate on fuels that meet California specifications. If such fuels are not available in states adopting California emissions standards,your vehicle will operate satisfactorily on fuels meeting federal specifications, but emission control system performance may be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on and/or your vehicle may fail a smog-check test. If this occurs, return to your authorized GM dealer for diagnosis to determine the cause of hilure. In the event it is determined that the cause of the condition is the type of fuels used, repairs may not be covered by your warranty. To provide cleaner air, all gasolines are now required to contain additives that will help prevent deposits from forming in your engine and fuel system, allowing your emission control system to function properly. Therefore, you should not have to add anything to the fuel. In addition, gasolines containing oxygenates, suchas ethers and ethanol, and reformulated gasolines may be available in your area to help clean the air. General Motors recommends that you use these gasolines if they comply with the specifications described earlier. In Canada, some gasolines contain an octane-enhancing additive called MMT. If you use such fuels, your emission control system performance may deteriorate and the malfunction indicator lamp on your instrument panel may turn on. If this happens, return to your authorized GM dealer for service. Your vehicle was not designedfor fuel that contains methanol. Don’t use it. It can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage wouldn’t be covered under your warranty. NOTICE: 6-3 Fuels in Foreign Countries -- Gasoline Engines Filling Your Tank If you plan on driving in another country outside the United States or Canada, the proper fuel may be hard to find. Never use leaded gasoline or any other fuel not recommended in the previous text on fuel. Costly repairs caused by use of improper fuelwouldn’t be covered by your warranty. ~ 1 j To check on fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you’ll be driving. You can alsowrite us at thefollowing address for advice. Just tell us where you’re going and give your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). General Motors Overseas Distribution Corporation, North American Export Sales(NAES) 1908 Colonel Sam Drive Oshawa, Ontario L1H 8P7 1 C ,U ION: Gasoline vapor is highly flammable. It burns violently, and that can cause very bad injuries. Don’t smoke if you’re near gasolineor refueling your vehicle. Keep sparks, flames and smoking materials away.fromgasoline. I I If you getgasoline on yourself and then something ignites it, you could be badly burned. Gasoline can spray out on youif you open the fuel filler cap too quickly.This spray can happen if your tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel filler cap slowly and wait for any “hiss” noise to stop. Then unscrew the capall the way. While refueling, hang the cap inside the fuel door. To take off the cap, turn it slowly to the left Be careful not to spill gasoline. Clean gasoline from painted surfacesas soon as possible. See “Cleaning the Outside of Your Vehicle” in the Index. (counterclockwise). 6-5 When you put the cap back on, turn it to the right until you hear at least three clicks. Make sureyou fully install the cap. The diagnosticsystem can determine if the fuel cap has been left off or improperly installed. This would allow fuel to evaporate into the atmosphere. See “Malfunction Indicator Lamp” in the Index. I NOTICE: If’you needa new cap, be sure to get the right type. Your dealer can get one for you. If you get the wrong type,it may notfit or have proper venting, and your fuel tank and emissions system might be damaged. 6-6 I Checking Things Under theHood To open the hood, first pull this handle inside the vehicle. It is just in front of the driver’s side door frame near the floor. Lift the hood, release the hood prop from its retainer and put the hood prop into the slot in the hood hinge. The underhood lamp will automatically come on and stay on until the hood is closed. Then go to the front of the vehicle and release the secondary hood release. 6-7 When you lift the hood, you’ll see these items: A. B. C. D. E. Battery Coolant Recovery Tank Engine Oil Dipstick Engine Oil Fill Transmission Dipstick 6-8 F. G. H. I. Air Cleaner Power Steering Reservoir Brake Master Cylinder Windshield Washer Fluid If your vehicle has a 7.4L engine and air conditioning, your vehicle will have a auxiliary engine fan in addition to the belt driven fan. A CAUTION: If your vehicle has airconditioning, the auxiliary engine fan underthe hood can start up and injure you even whenthe engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan. Things that burncan get on hot engine parts and start a fire. These include liquids like gasoline, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop orspill things that will burn onto a hot engine. Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on properly. Then lift the hood to relieve pressure on the hood prop. Remove the hood prop from the slot in the hood and return the prop to its retainer. Then just letthe hood down and close it firmly. Noise Control System The following information relates to compliance with Federal noise emission standards for vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of more than 10,000 lbs. (4 536 kg). The Maintenance Schedule booklet provides information on maintaining the noise control system to minimize degradation of the noise emission control system during the life of your vehicle. The noise control system warranty is given in your Warranty booklet. These standards apply only to vehicles sold in the United States. 6-9 Tampering With Noise Control System Prohibited Engine: Removal or rendering engine speed governor (if so equipped) inoperative so as to allow engine speed to exceed manufxturer specifications. Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof 1. The removal or rendering inoperative by any person, other than for purposes of maintenance, repair or replacement, of any device orelement of design incorporated into any new vehicle for the purpose of noise control, prior to its sale ordelivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in use; or 2. The use of the vehicle after such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperative by any person. Among those acts presumed to constitute tampering are the acts listed below. Insulation: 0 Removal of noise shields or underhood insulation. 6-10 Fan and Drive: Removal of fan clutch (if so equipped) or rendering clutch inoperative. Removal of fm shroud (if so equipped). Air Intake: 0 Removal of air cleaner silencer. 0 Reversing air cleaner cover. Exhaust: 0 Removal of muffler and/or resonator. Removal of exhaust pipes and exhaust pipe clamps. Engine Oil (Gasoline Engine) If your vehicle has a diesel engine, see “EngineOil (Diesel Engine)” in the Diesel Engine Supplement. It’s a good idea to check your engine oilevery time you get fuel. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground. Turn off the engine and give the oil a few minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If you don’t, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level. When to Add Oil If the oil is at or below the ADD mark, then you’ll need to add some oil. But you must use the right kind. This part explains what kind of oil to use. For crankcase capacity, see “Capacities and Specifications” in the Index. I NOTICE: Checking Engine Oil Pull out the dipstick and clean it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down, and check the level. Don’t add too much oil.If’your engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the upper mark that shows the proper operating range,your engine could be damaged. 6-11 What Kind of Oil to Use Oils recommended for your vehicle can be identified by looking for the “Starburst” symbol. This symbol indicates that the oil has been certified by the American Petroleum Institute (API). Do not use any oil which does not carry this Starburst symbol. The engineoil filler cap is located between the air cleaner and engine oil dipstick. Just fill it enough to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when you’re through. 6-12 If you change your ownoil, be sure you use oil that has the Starburst symbol on the front of the oil container. If you have your oil changed for you, be sure the oil put into your engine is American Petroleum Institute certified for gasoline engines. You should also use the proper viscosity oil for your vehicle, as shown in the following chart: RECOMMENDED SAE VlSCOSlTV GRADE ENGINE OILS FOR BEST FUEL ECONOMY AND COLD STARTING, SELECT THE LOWEST SAE VISCOSITY GRADE OIL FOR THE EXPECTED TEMPERATURE RANGE. WOK FOR MIS SYMBOL HOT WEATHER As shown in the chart, SAE 5W-30 is best for your vehicle. However, you can use SAE IOW-30 if it’s going to be 0°F (-18°C) or above. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils, such as SAE 20W-50. I NOTICE: Use only engine oil with the American Petroleum Institute Certified For Gasoline Engines “Starburst” symbol. Failureto use the recommended oil can result in engine damage not covered by your warranty. GM Goodwrench@oil meets all the requirements for your vehicle. Engine Oil Additives r 1-30 RED Don’t add anything to your oil. Your GM dealer is ready to advise if you think something should be added. COLD WEATHER DO NOTUSESAE 2OW-50 OR ANYOTHER GRADE OIL NOT RECOMMENDED 6-13 When to Change Engine Oil What toDo with Used Oil See if any one of these is true for you: Did YOU know that used engine oil contains certain elements that may be unhealthy for yourskin and could even causecancer? Don’t let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly throw away clothing or rags containing used engine oil. (See the manufacturer’s warnings about the use and disposal of oil products.) 0 Most trips are less than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km). This is particularly important when outside temperatures are below freezing. Most trips include extensive idling (such as frequent driving in stop-and-go traffic). Most trips are through dusty areas. 0 You frequently tow a trailer or use a carrier on top of your vehicle. The vehicle is used for delivery service, police, taxi or other commercial application. Driving under these conditions causes engine oil to break down sooner. If any one of these istrue for your vehicle, then you need to change your oil and filter every 3,000 miles (5 000 km)or 3 months -- whichever occurs first. If done of them is true, change the oil and filter every 7,500 miles (12 500 km) or 12 months -- whichever occurs first. Driving a vehicle with a fully warmed engine under highway conditions causes engine oil to break down slower. 6-14 Used oil can be a real threat to theenvironment. If you change your own oil, be sure todrain all free-flowing oil from the filter before disposal. Don’t ever dispose of oil by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Instead, recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil. If you have a problem properly disposing of your used oil, ask your dealer, a service station or a local recycling center for help. Air Cleaner Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to replace the air filter and crankcase ventilation filter. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services” in the Index. I -\CAUTAN: Operating theengine with the aircleaner off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air, it stopsflame if the engine backfires. If it isn’t there, and the engine backfires, you could be burned. Don’t drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner off. 70 remove the air cleaner nlter: loosen screw bolt to air induct hose 0 remove the three bolts remove the full air cleaner housing unsnap the three clips Then tilt the top cover up and back to expose the filter element. Install anew filter element with the folds in the down position. See “Normal Replacement Parts” for the proper filter to use. I NOTICE: I If the air cleaner is off, a backfire can cause a damaging engine fire. And, dirt can easily get into your engine, which will damage it. Always have the air cleaner in place when you’re driving. 6-15 Automatic Transmission Fluid How to Check When to Check and Change .Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose tohave this done at your GM dealer Service Department. A good time to check your automatic transmission fluid level is when the engine oil is changed. Change both the fluid and filterevery 50,000 miles (83 000 km) if the vehicle’s GVWR is over 8,600 or if the vehicle is mainly driven under one or more of these conditions: 0 In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 90°F (32°C) orhigher. 0 In hilly or mountainous terrain. 0 When doing frequent trailer towing. 0 Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service. If your vehicle’s GVWR is not over 8,600 and you do not use your vehicle under any of these conditions, the fluid and filterdo not require changing. If you do it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or you could get a falsereading on the dipstick. NOTICE: Too much or too little fluid can damage your transmission. Too much can mean that some of the fluid could comeout and fallon hot engine parts or exhaust system parts, starting a fire. Be sure to get an accurate reading if you check your transmission fluid. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services” in the Index. 6-16 - Wait at least 30 minutes before checking the transmission fluid levelif you have been driving: When outside temperatures are above 90°F (32°C). 0 At high speed for quite a while. 0 In heavy traffic -- especially in hot weather. 0 While pulling a trailer. To get the right reading, the fluid should be at normal operating temperature, whichis 180°F to 200°F Checking Transmission Fluid Cold A cold checkis made after the vehicle has been sitting for eight hours or more with the engine off and is used only as a reference. Let the engine run at idle for five minutes if outside temperatures are50°F (10°C) or more. If it's colder than 50°F ( 10°C), you may have to idle the engine longer. Should the fluid level be low during a cold check,you must perform a hot check before adding fluid. Thiswill give you a more accurate reading of the fluid level. (82°C to 93°C). Checking Transmission FluidHot Get the vehicle warmed up by driving about 15 miles (24 km) when outside temperatures are above50°F (10°C). If it's colder than 50°F (lO"C), drive the vehicle in DRIVE (D) until the engine temperature gage moves and then remains steady for 10 minutes. Then follow thehot check procedures. Checking the Fluid Hot or Cold Park your vehicle on a level place. Keep the engine running. With the parking brake applied, place the shift lever in PARK (P). 0 With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then, position the shift lever in PARK (P). Let the engine run at idle for three minutes or more. - 6-17 Then, without shuttingoff the engine, follow these steps: 3. Check both sides of the dipstick, and read the lower level. The fluidlevel must be in the COLD area for a cold check or in the HOT area or cross-hatched area for a hot check. 1. Flip the handle up and then pull out the dipstick and wipe it with a clean rag or paper towel. 2. Push it back in all the way, wait three seconds and then pull it back out again. 6-18 4. If the fluid level is in the acceptable range, push the dipstick back in all the way; then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place. How to Add Fluid Rear Axle Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of transmission fluid to use. See “Recommended Fluids and Lubricants” in the Index. When to Check and Change Lubricant Add fluid only after checking the transmission fluid HOT. (A COLD check is used only as a reference.) If the fluid level is low, add only enough of the proper fluid to bring the level up to the HOT area for ahot check. It doesn’t take much fluid, generally less than a pint (0.5 L). Don ’t overjX. We recommend you use only fluid labeled DEXRON@-111, because fluid with that label is made especially for your automatic transmission. Damage caused by fluid other than DEXRON-I11 is not covered by your new vehicle warranty. Refer to the Maintenance Scheduleto determine how often to check the lubricant and when to change it. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services”in the Index. How to Check Lubricant If the level is below the bottom of the filler plug hole, you’ll need to add some lubricant. Add enough lubricantto raise the level to the bottom of the filler plug hole. After adding fluid, recheck the fluid level as described under “How to Check.” 0 When the correct fluid level is obtained, push the dipstick back in all the way; then flip the handle down to lock the dipstick in place. What to Use Refer to the Maintenance Scheduleto determine what kind of lubricant to use. See “Recommended Fluids and Lubricants” in the Index. 6-19 Engine Coolant The cooling system in your vehicle is filled with new DEX-COOL TM (orange-colored, silicate-free) engine coolant. Thiscoolant is designed to remain in your vehicle for 5 years or 100,000 miles ( 166 000 km), whichever occurs first. The following explains your cooling system and how to add coolant when it is low. If you have a problem with engine overheating, see “Engine Overheating” in the Index. A 5060 mixture of water and the proper coolant for your vehicle will: 0 Give freezing protection down to -34°F (-37°C). Give boiling protection up to 265 “F ( 129O C). Protect against rust and corrosion. 0 Help keep the proper engine temperature. Let the warning lights and gages work as they should. 6-20 NOTICE: When adding coolant itis important that you use DEX-COOL (orange-colored, silicate-free) coolant meeting GM Specification 6277M. If silicated coolant is added to the system, premature engine, heater coreor radiator corrosion may result. In addition, the engine coolant will require change sooner at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. TM -- What toUse Use a mixture of one-half clean water (preferably distilled) and one-half DEX-COOLRul (orange-colored, silicate-free) antifreeze that meets GM Specification 6277M, which won’t damage aluminum parts. Use GM Engine Coolant Supplement (sealer)(GM Part No. 3634621) with any complete coolant change. If you use this mixture, you don’t needto add anything else. ’/d CAUTION: ’ Adding only plain water to yourcooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid like alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mix will. Your vehicle’scoolant warning system is set for the propercoolant mix. With plain water or the wrong mix, your engine could get too hot but you wouldn’t get the overheat warning. Your engine could catch fire andyou or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mix of clean water and DEX-COOL (orange-colored, silicate-free) antifreeze. TM 6-21 NOTICE: Checking Coolant If you use an improper coolant mix, your engine could overheat and be badly damaged. The repair cost wouldn't be coveredby your warranty. Too much water in themix can freeze and crack theengine, radiator, heater core and other parts. If you have to add coolant more than four times a year, have your dealer check your cooling system. NOTICE: If you use the propercoolant, you don't have to add extra inhibitorsor additives which claim to improve the system. These can be harmful. 6-22 When your engine is cold, the coolant level should be at FULL COLD, or a little higher. Adding Coolant If you need more coolant, add theproper mix ut the coolant recovery tank. A CAUTION: - , - .'. - You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol, and it will burn if the engine parts arehot enough. Don't spill coolant on a hot engine. I Turning theradiator pressure cap when the engine and radiator arehot can allow steam and scalding liquids toblow out and burnyou badly. With the coolant recovery tank, you will almost never have to addcoolant at the radiator. Never turn the radiator pressure cap even a little when the engine and radiator arehot. -- 0- L Add coolant mix at the recovery tank, but be careful not to spill it. Radiator PressureCap The radiator pressure cap must be tightly installed with the arrows on the cap lined up with the overflow tube on the radiator filler neck. I NOTICE: Your radiator capis a pressure-type cap and must be tightly installed to prevent coolant loss and possible engine damage from overheating. Be sure the arrowson the cap line up with the overflow tube on the radiator filler neck. 6-23 Thermostat When to Check Power Steering Fluid Engine coolant temperature is controlled by a thermostat in the engine cooling system. The thermostat stops the flow of coolant through the radiator until the coolant reaches apreset temperature. It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired. When you replace your thermostat, an AC@ thermostat is recommended. Power SteeringFluid How To Check Power Steering Fluid When the engine compartment is cool, unscrew the cap and ,wipe the dipstick with a clean rag. Replace the cap and completely tighten it. Then remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick. The level should be at the FULL COLD mark. If necessary, add only enough fluid to bring the level up to the mark. To prevent brake fluid contamination, never check or fill the power steering reservoir with the master cylinder cover off. What to Use Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of fluid to use. See “Recommended Fluids and Lubricants’’ in the Index. Always use the proper fluid. Failure to use the proper fluid can cause leaks and damage hoses and seals. 6-24 Open the cap labeledWASHER FLUID. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. Windshield Washer Fluid What to Use ~ When you need windshield washer fluid, b, S‘ure to re:ad the manufacturer’s instructions beforeuse. If you will be operating your vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluidthat has sufficient protection against freezing. I P Adding Washer Fluid NOTICE: 0 0 0 0 I When using concentrated washer fluid, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adding water. Don’t mix water with ready-to-use washer fluid. Water cancause the solution to fre,eze and damage yourwasher fluid tank and other partsof the washer system. Also, water doesn’t clean as well as washer fluid. Fill your washer fluid tank only three-quarters full when it’s very cold.This allows for expansion, which coulddamage the tank if it is completely full. Don’t use radiator antifreeze in your windshield washer. It can damage your washer system and paint. Brakes Brake Fluid I goes back up. The other reason is that fluid is leaking out of the brake system. If it is, you should have your brake system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later your brakes won’t work well, or won’t work at all. So, it isn’t a good idea to “top off’ your brake fluid. Adding brake fluid won’t correct a leak. If you add fluid when your linings are worn, then you’ll have too much fluid when you get new brake linings. You should add (or remove) brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. - Your brake master cylinder reservoir is here. It is filled with DOT-3 brake fluid. There are only two reasonswhy the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down. The first is that the brake fluid goes down to an acceptable level during norrnal brake lining wear. When new linings are put in, the fluid level 6-26 I If you have too much brake fluid, it can spill on the engine. The fluidwill burn if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and your vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to check your brake fluid. See “Periodic Maintenance Inspections” in the Index. Checking Brake Fluid What to Add When you do need brake fluid, use only DOT-3 brake fluid -- such as Delco Supreme 1 1 (GM Part No. 1052535). Use new brake fluid from a sealed container only, and always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap before removing it. @ 1 A CAUTION: With the wrong kindof fluid in your brake system, your brakes may not work well, or they may not even workat all. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid. You can check the brake fluid without taking off the cap. Just look at the windows on the brake fluid reservoir. The fluid levels should be above MIN. If they aren’t, have your brake system checked to see if there is a leak. After work is done on the brake hydraulic system, make sure the levels are aboveMIN and below the top of each window. 6-27 NOTICE: a Using the wrong fluid can badly damage 0 brake system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in your brake system can damage brake system parts so badly that they’ll have to be replaced. Don’t let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid. If you spill brake fluid on your vehicle’s painted surfaces, the paintfinish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on your vehicle. If you do, washit off immediately. See“Appearance Care” in the Index. Brake Wear Your vehicle has front disc brakes and rear drum brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when thebrake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound may come and go or be heard all the time your vehicle is moving (except when you are pushing on the brake pedal firmly). I The brake wear warning sound means that sooner or later your brakes won’t work well. That could lead to an accident. When you hear the brake wear warning sound, have your vehicle serviced. I NOTICE: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditionsor climates may cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This doesnot mean something is wrong with your brakes. Free movement or Drake calipers and properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help preventbrake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake calipers for movement, brake pads for wear, and evenly torque wheel nuts inthe proper sequence to GM specifications. Your rear drum brakes don’t have wear indicators, butif you ever hear a rear brake rubbing noise, have the rear brake linings inspected. Also, the rear brakedrums should be removed and inspected each time the tires are removed for rotation or changing. When you have the front brakes replaced, have the rear brakes inspected, too. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealerif the brakepedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This couldbe a sign of brake trouble. Brake Adjustment Every time you make a brake stop, yourdisc brakes adjust forwear. If your brake pedal goes down farther than normal, your rear drum brakes may need adjustment. Adjust them by backing up and firmly applying the brakes a few times. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. 6-29 Replacing Brake System Parts Battery The braking system on amodern vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. Vehicles we design and test have top-quality GM brake parts in them, as your vehicle does when it is new. When you replace parts of your braking system -- for example, when your brake linings wear down and you have to have new ones put in -- be sure you get new genuine GM replacement parts. If you don’t, your brakes may no longer work properly. For example,if someone puts in brake linings that are wrong for your vehicle, the balance between your frontand rear brakes can change -- for the worse. The braking performance you’ve come to expectcan change in many other ways if someone puts in the wrong replacement brake parts. Every new vehicle has a Delco Freedom@battery. You never have to add water to one of these. When it’s time for a new battery, we recommend a Delco Freedom battery. Get one that has the replacement number shown on the original battery’s label. 6-30 Vehicle Storage If you’re not going to drive your vehicle for 25 days or more, take off the black, negative (-) cable from the battery. This will help keep your battery from running down. A CAUTION: i Batteries have acid that can burn you ana gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you aren’t careful. See “Jump Starting” in the Index for tips onworking around a battery without getting hurt. Halogen Bulbs ’A I I I CAUTION: Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch thebulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructionson the bulbpackage. Contact your dealerto learn how to prepare your vehicle for longer storageperiods. Headlamps Also, for your audio system, see“Theft-Deterrent Feature” in the Index. You have either a sealed beam headlamp system or a composite system. Bulb Replacement Before you replace any bulbs,be sure that all the lamps are off and the engine isn’t running. See “Replacement Bulbs” in the index for the proper types of bulbs to use. 6-31 Sealed Beam Headlamps .. . 2. Unplug the lamp assembly from the connector. 1. Remove the four screws from the headlamp retainer. Pull the retainer out and set it aside. 6-32 3. Install a new headlamp. 4. Reverse Steps 2 through 3 to reinstall the headlamp. Composite Headlamps 1. Open the hood. 2. Locate the rear side of each of the headlamps. 5. Install a new bulb. Do not handle the glass part of the bulb. 6. Reverse Steps 3 through 4 to reinstall the headlamp. 3. Without removing the headlamp assembly itself, remove the bulb assembly from the back of the headlamp on the driver's side by turning the bulb counterclockwise one quarterturn. 4. On the passenger side, turn the bulb clockwise one-quarter turn. Also, to remove the bulb on the passenger side, you will need to move the battery. 6-33 Front Parking/Turn Signal Lamps To replace the front parkingkurn signal lamps: L 2. Remove the lamp from the grille. 1. Remove the outer screws from the parkinghrn signal lamp lens assembly. (There are either two or four screws, depending on your vehicle’s trim level.) 6-34 Sidemarker Lamps 3. Remove the bulb assembly from the back of the lens and replacethe bulb. 4. Follow Steps 2 and 3 to replace the bulb. Turn the socket clockwise to replace it in the lens assembly. 1. Remove the screw from the top of the lens. 6-35 Taillamps 1. Open the rear door. 2. Un-clip the bottom of the lamp from the grille. 3. Remove the bulb by twisting it out of the socket. Turn the bulb to remove it. Install the new bulb. 4. Reverse these steps to reinstall the lamp. 6-36 2. Push the socket protector until you can see the fasteners. 3. Remove the nutswith a deep socket wrench. 4. Remove the hidden upper nuts. 6-37 5. Lift the lamp as you rotate it toward the rear of the vehicle. 6. Turn the sockets to the left to remove. 6-38 Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement 7. With the door open, turn the bulb to the left to remove it. Install the new bulb. 5. Reverse the above steps to reinstall the lamp. See “Normal Maintenance ReplacementParts” in the Index for theproper type of replacement blade. 6-39 Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. To remove the type with a release clip: 4. To install the new wiper insert, slide the notched end last, into the end with two blade claws. Slide all the way through the blade claws at the opposite end. 1. To remove the old wiper blades, lift the wiper arm until it locks into a vertical position. 5. Be sure that the notches are locked by the bottom claws. Make sure that all other claws are properly locked on both sides of the insert slots. 2. Press down on the blade assembly pivot locking tab. Pull down on the blade assembly to release it from the wiper arm hook. 3. Remove the insert from the blade assembly. The insert has two notches at one end that are locked by bottom claws of the blade assembly. At the notched end, pull the insert from the blade assembly. 6-40 6. Put the blade assembly pivot in the wiper arm hook. Pull up until the pivot locking tab locks in the hook slot. 7. Carefully lower the wiper arm and blade assembly into the windshield. Tires We don’t make tires. Your new vehicle comes with high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. If you ever have questions about your tirewarranty and where to obtain service, see your GM Warranty booklet for details. 0 0 Poorly maintained and improperly used tires are dangerous. Overloading your tires can cause overheating as a result of too much friction. You could have an air-out anda serious accident. See “Loading Your Vehicle” in the Index. CAUTION: (Continued) Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain therecommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your tires are cold. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured or broken by a sudden impact such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure. Worn, old tires can cause accidents. If your tread is badly worn, or if your tires have been damaged, replace them. -- 0 6-41 Inflation -- Tire Pressure The Certificationflire label, which is on the rear edge of the driver’s door, shows the correct inflation pressures for your tires when they’re cold. “Cold” means your vehicle has been sitting forat least threehours or driven no more than 1 mile (1.6 km). I NOTICE: Don’t let anyone tell you that .underinflation or overinflation is all right. It’s not. If your tires don’t have enough air junderinflation), you can get the following: Too much flexing Too much heat 0 Tire overloading Bad wear Bad handling Bad fuel economy. NOTICE: (Continued) 6-42 I NOTICE: (Continued) If your tires have too much air (overinflation), you can get the following: Unusual wear Bad handling Rough ride Needless damage from road hazards. When to Check Check your tires once a month or more. Also, check the tire pressure of the spare tire. How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. You can’t tell if your tires are properly inflated simply by looking at them. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they’re underinflated. Be sure to put the valve caps back on the valve stems. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture. I Tire Inspection and Rotation Tires should be inspected every 6,000 to 8,000 miles (10 000 to 13 000 km)for any signsof unusual wear. If unusual wear is present, rotate your tires as soon as possible and check wheelalignment. Also check for damaged tires or wheels. See “When It’s Time forNew Tires” and “Wheel Replacement” laterin this section for more information.If your vehicle has dual rearwheels, also see“Dual Tire Operation’’ later in this section. If your vehiclehas single rear wheels, always use one of the correct rotation patterns shown herewhen rotating your tires. II The purpose of regular rotation is to achieve more uniform wear for all tires on the vehicle: The first rotation is the most important. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services”in the Index for scheduled rotation intervals. I FRT FRT If your vehicle has dual rear wheels, always use oneof the correctrotation patterns shown here when rotating your tires. When you install dual wheels, be sure the vent holes in the inner and outer wheels on each side arelined up. After the tires have been rotated, adjust the frontand rear inflation pressures as shown on the Certificationmire label. Makecertain that all wheel nuts are properly tightened. See “Wheel Nut Torque’’ in the Index. 6-43 A CAUTION: Rust or dirton a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can makewheel nuts become loose after a time. The wheel could comeoff and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to thevehicle. In anemergency, you can use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure touse a scraper orwire brush later, if you off. (See need to, to get all the rust or dirt Index.) “Changing a Flat Tire” in the I When It’s Time for New Tires One way to tell when it’s time fornew tires is to check the treadwear indicators, which will appear when your tires have only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) or less of tread remaining. Some commercial truck tires may not have treadwear indicators. You need a new tire if any of the following statements are true: 0 6-44 You can see the indicators at three or more places around the tire. You can see cord or fabric showing through the tire’s rubber. The tread or sidewall is cracked, cutor snagged deep enough to show cord or fabric. The tire has a bump, bulge or split. The tire has a puncture, cut or other damage that can’t be repaired well because of the size orlocation of the damage. Dual Tire Operation Buying New Tires To find outwhat kind and size of tires you need, look at When the vehicle is new, or whenever a wheel, wheel bolt or wheel nut is replaced, check the wheel nut torquethe Certificatioflire label. after 100, 1,000 and 6,000 miles (160, 1 600and The tires installed on your vehicle when it was new had 10 000 km)of driving. For proper torque, see “Wheel a Tire Performance Criteria Specification(TPC Spec) ,Nut Torque” in the Index. number on each tire’s sidewall. Whenyou get new tires, The outer tire on a dual wheel setup generally wears faster than the inner tire.Your tires will wear more evenly and last longerif you rotate the tiresperiodically. If you’re goingto be doing a lotof driving on high-crown roads, you can reduce tirewear by adding 5 psi (35 kPa) to the tire pressurein the outer tires.Be sure toreturn to the recommended pressureswhen no longer driving under those conditions. See “Changing a Flat Tire” in the Index for more information. get ones with that same TPC Specnumber. That way your vehicle will continue to have tiresthat are designed to give proper endurance, handling, speed rating, traction, ride and other things during normal service on your vehicle. If your tires have an all-seasontread design, the TPC numberwill be followed by an “MS” (for mud and snow). 11 you ever replace your tireswith those not having a TPC Specnumber, make sure they are the same size, load range, speed rating and construction type (bias, bias-belted or radial)as your original tires. If you operate your vehicle with a tire that is badly underinflated, the tire can overheat. An overheated tire can lose air suddenly or catch fire. You or others could be injured. Be sure all tires (including the spare) are properly inflated. 6-45 ' A CAUTION: I Mixing tires could cause you to lose control while driving. If you mix tires of different sizes or types (radial andbias-belted tires), the vehicle may not handle properly, and you could havea crash. Using tires of different sizes mayalso cause damage to your vehicle. Be sure to use the same size and type tires on all wheels. Uniform Tire Quality Grading The following information relates to the system developed by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which grades tires by treadwear, traction and temperature performance. (This applies only to vehicles sold in the United States.) The grades are molded on the sidewalls of most passenger car tires. The Uniform Tire Quality Grading system does not apply to deep tread, winter-type snow tires, space-saver or temporary use spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some limited-production tires. While the tires available on General Motors passenger cars and light trucks may vary with respect to these grades, they must also conform to Federal safety requirements and additional General Motors Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) standards. 6-46 Treadwear The treadwear gradeis a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified governmenttest course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performanceof tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly fromthe norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate. -- Traction A, B, C The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are A, B, and C, and they represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. Warning: The traction grade assigned to thistire is based on braking (straightahead) traction tests and ,does not include cornering (turning) traction. Temperature -- A, B, C The temperature grades areA (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions ona specified indoorlaboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to alevel of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Warning: The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed,underinflation, or excessive loading, eitherseparately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure. 6-47 Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance The wheels on your vehicle were aligned and balanced carefully at the factory to give you the longest tire life and best overall performance. In most cases, you will not need to have your wheels aligned again. However, if you notice unusual tire wear or your vehicle pulling one way or the other, the alignment may need to be reset. If you notice your vehicle vibrating when driving on a smooth road, your wheels may need to be rebalanced. Each new wheel should have the same load-carrying capacity, diameter, width, offset and be mounted the same way as the one it replaces. If you need to replace any of your wheels, wheel bolts or wheel nuts, replace them only with new GM original equipment parts. This way, you will be sure to have the right wheel, wheel bolts and wheel nuts for your vehicle. I Wheel Replacement Replace any wheel that is bent, cracked, orbadly rusted or corroded. If wheel nuts keep coming loose, the wheel, wheel bolts and wheel nuts should be replaced. If the wheel leaks air, replace it (except some aluminum wheels, which can sometimes be repaired). See your GM dealer if any of these conditionsexist. Your dealer will know the kind of wheel you need. 6-48 ~ A CAUTION:- - Using the wrong replacement wheels, wheel bolts or wheel nutson your vehicle can be dangerous. It could affect the braking and. handling of your vehicle, make your tires loseair and make you lose control.You could have a collision in which you or others could be injured. Always use the correct wheel, wheel bolts and wheel nuts for replacement. Used Replacement Wheels NOTICE: The wrong wheel can also cause problems with bearing life, brake cooling, speedometer or odometer calibration, headlampaim, bumper height, vehicle ground clearance and tireor tire chain clearance to the body and chassis. Whenever a wheel,wheel bolt or wheel nut is replaced on a dualwheel setup, checkthe wheel nut torque after 100, 1,000 and 6,000 miles (160, 1 600and 10 000 km) of driving. For proper torque, see “Wheel Nut Torque” in the Index. Putting aused wheel on yourvehicle is dangerous. You can’t know how it’s been usedor how many miles it’sbeen driven. It could fail suddenly and cause an accident. If you have to replace a wheel, use a new GM original equipment wheel. See “Changing aFlat Tire” in the Index for more information. 6-49 Never use these to clean your vehicle: Tire Chains ~~ NOTICE: 0 Gasoline 0 Benzene Naphtha Carbon Tetrachloride 0 Use tire chains only where legal and only when you must. Use chains that are the proper size for your tires. Install themon the tires of the rear axle. Tighten them as tightly as possible with the ends securely fastened. Drive slowlyand follow the chain manufacturer’s instructions.If you can hear the chains contactingyour vehicle, stop and retighten them. If the contact continues,slow down until it stops. Drivingtoo fast or spinning thewheels with chains onwill damage your vehicle. Appearance Care Remember, cleaning products can be hazardous. Some are toxic. Others can burst into flame if you strike a match or getthem on a hot part of the vehicle. Some are dangerous if you breathe their fumes in a closed space. When you use anything from a containerto clean your vehicle, be sure to follow the manufacturer’s warnings and instructions. And always open your doors or windows when you’re cleaning the inside. 6-50 0 0 Acetone Paint Thinner 0 Turpentine Lacquer Thinner 0 Nail Polish Remover 0 They can all be hazardous -- some more than others -- and they can all damage your vehicle, too. Don’t use any of these unless this manual says you can. In many uses, these will damage your vehicle: 0 0 0 0 Alcohol Laundry Soap Bleach Reducing Agents Cleaning theInside of Your Vehicle Using Foam-Type Cleaner on Fabric Use a vacuum cleaner often to get rid of dust and loose dirt. Wipe vinyl or leather with a clean, damp cloth. 1. Vacuum and brush the area to removeany loose dirt. Your GM dealer has twoGM cleaners, a solvent-type spot lifter and a foam-type powdered cleaner. They will clean normal spots and stainsvery well. Do not use them on vinyl or leather. 2. Always clean awhole trim panel or section. Mask surrounding trim along stitch or welt lines. Here are some cleaningtips: 4. Use suds only and apply with a clean sponge. 3. Mix Multi-Purpose Powdered Cleaner following the directions on the container label. Always read the instructions on the cleaner label. 5. Don’t saturate the material. Clean up stains as soon as you can -- before they set. 6 . Don’t rub it roughly. 0 Use a clean cloth or sponge, and change to a clean area often. A soft brush may be used if stainsare stubborn. 7. As soon as you’ve cleaned the section, use a sponge to remove the suds. 0 Use solvent-type cleaners in a well-ventilated area only. If you use them, don’t saturate the stained area. 8. Rinse the section with a clean, wet sponge. 0 If a ring forms after spot cleaning, clean the entire area immediately or it will set. 0 9. Wipe off what’s left with a slightly damp paper towel or cloth. 10. Then dry it immediately with a blow dryer. 11. Wipe with a clean cloth. 6-51 Using Solvent-’Qpe Cleaner on Fabric Special CleaningProblems First, see if you have to use solvent-type cleaner at all. Some spotsand stains will clean off better with just water and mild soap. Greasy or Oily Stains If you need to use a solvent: Gently scrape excess soil from the trim material with a clean, dull knife or scraper. Use very little cleaner, light pressure and clean cloths(preferably cheesecloth). Cleaning should start at the outside of the stain, “feathering” toward the center. Keep changing to a clean sectionof the cloth. When you clean a stain from fabric, immediately dry the area with a blow dryer to help prevent a cleaning ring. Fabric Protection Your GM has upholstery and carpet that has been treated with Scotchgard” Fabric Protector, a 3M product. It protects fabrics by repelling oil and water, which are the carriers of most stains. Even with this protection, you still need to clean your upholstery and carpet often to keep it looking new. Further information on cleaning is available by calling 1-800-433-3296 (in Minnesota, 1-800-642-6 167). 6-52 Stains caused by grease, oil, butter, margarine, shoe polish, coffeewith cream, chewing gum, cosmetic creams, vegetable oils, wax crayon, tar and asphalt can be removed as follows: 1. Carefully scrape off excess stain. 2. Follow the solvent-type instructions described earlier. 3. Shoe polish, wax crayon, tar and asphalt will stain if left on a vehicle’s seat fabric. They should be removed as soon as possible. Be careful, because the cleaner will dissolve them and may cause themto spread. Non-Greasy Stains Cleaning Vinyl Stains caused by catsup, coffee (black), egg, fruit, fruit juice, milk, soft drinks, wine, vomit, urine and blood can be removed as follows: Use warm water and a clean cloth. 0 1. Carefully scrape off excess stain, then sponge the soiled area with cool water. 2. If a stain remains, follow the foam-type instructions described earlier. 3. If an odor lingers after cleaningvomit or urine, treat the area with a waterhaking soda solution: 1 teaspoon ( 5 ml) of baking soda to 1 cup (250 ml) of lukewarm water. Things like tar, asphalt and shoe polish will stain if you don’t get them off quickly. Use a clean cloth and a GM VinyULeather Cleaner or equivalentproduct. Cleaning Leather Use a soft cloth with lukewarm water and a mild soap or saddle soap. 0 For stubborn stains, use a GM VinyVLeather Cleaner or equivalent product. 0 Never use oils, varnishes, solvent-based or abrasive cleaners, furniturepolish or shoe polish on leather. 0 Soiled leather should be cleaned immediately. If dirt is allowed to work into the finish, it can harm the leather. 4. If needed, clean lightly with solvent-type cleaner. Combination Stains Stains caused by candy, ice cream, mayonnaise, chili sauce and unknown stainscan be removed as follows: 0 Carefully scrape off excess stain, then clean with cool water and allow todry. 0 If a stain remains, clean it with solvent-type cleaner. Rub with a clean, damp cloth to remove dirt. You may have to do it more than once. Cleaning theTop of the Instrument Panel Glass Use only mild soap and water to clean the top surfaces Glass should be cleaned often. GM Glass Cleaner 'of the instrument panel. Sprays containing silicones or (GM Part No. 1050427) or a liquid household glass waxes may cause annoying reflections in the windshield cleaner will remove normal tobacco smoke and and even make it difficult to see through the windshield dust films. under certain conditions. Don't use abrasive cleaners on glass, because they may cause scratches. Avoid placing decals on the inside rear Care of Safety Belts window, since they may have to be scraped off later. If Keep belts clean and dry. abrasive cleanersare used on the inside of the rear window, an electric defogger element may be damaged. Any temporary license should not be attached across the CAUTION: defogger grid. IA Do not bleach or dye safety belts. If you do, it ~ ~ 1 may severely weaken them.In a crash, they might not be able to provide adequate protection. Clean safety belts only with mild soap and lukewarm water. 6-54 Cleaning the Outsideof the Windshield and Wiper Blades If the windshield is not clear after using thewindshield washer, or if the wiper blade chatterswhen running, wax or other material may be on the blade or windshield. Clean the outside of the windshield with GM Windshield Cleaner, Bon-Ami Powder@(GM Part No. 105001 1). The windshield is clean if beads do not form when you rinse it with water. Clean the blade by wiping vigorously with a cloth soaked in full-strength windshield washer solvent. Then rinse the bladewith water. Wiper blades should be checked on a regular basis and replaced when worn. Weatherstrips Silicone grease on weatherstrips will make them last longer, seal better, and not stick or squeak. Apply silicone grease with a clean cloth at least every six months. During very cold, damp weather more frequent application may be required. (See “Recommended Fluids and Lubricants” in the Index.) Cleaning the Outsideof Your Vehicle The paint finish on your vehicle provides beauty, depth of color, gloss retention and durability. Washing Your Vehicle The best way to preserve your vehicle’s finish isto keep it clean by washing it often with lukewarm or cold water. Don’t wash your vehicle in the direct raysof the sun. Don’t use strong soaps or chemical detergents. Use liquid hand, dish or car washing (mild detergent) soaps. Don’t use cleaning agentsthat are petroleum based, or that contain acid or abrasives. All cleaning agents should be flushed promptly and not allowed to dry on the surface, or they could stain. Dry the finish with a soft, clean chamois ora 100% cotton towel toavoid surface scratchesand water spotting. High pressure vehicle washes may cause water to enter your vehicle. 6-55 Occasional waxing or mild polishing of your vehicle by hand may be necessary to remove residue from the paint finish. You can get GM-approved cleaning products from your dealer. (See “Appearance Care and Materials” in the Index.) Foreign materials such as calcium chloride and other salts, ice melting agents, road oil and tar, tree sap, bird droppings, chemicals from industrial chimneys, etc.,can damage your vehicle’s’finishif they remain on painted surfaces. Wash the vehicle as soon as possible. If necessary, use non-abrasive cleaners that are marked safe forpainted surfaces to remove foreign matter. Your GM manufactured vehicle may have a “basecoat/clearcoat” paint finish. The clearcoat gives more depth and gloss to the colored basecoat. Always use waxes and polishes that are non-abrasive and made for a basecoat/clearcoat paint finish. Exterior painted surfaces are subject to aging, weather and chemical fallout that can take their toll over a period of years. You can help to keep the paint finish looking new by keeping your vehicle garaged or covered whenever possible. I NOTICE: Protecting Exterior Bright Metal Parts Finish Care Machine compoundingor aggressive polishing on a basecoat/clearcoat paint finish may dull the finish or leave swirl marks. 6-56 Bright metal parts should be cleaned regularly to keep their luster. Washing with water is all that is usually needed. However, you may use GM Chrome Polish on chrome or stainless steel trim, if necessary. Use special care with aluminum trim. To avoid damaging protective trim, never use auto or chrome polish, steam or caustic soap to clean aluminum. A coating of wax, rubbed to high polish, is recommended for all bright metal parts. Alur-inum Wheels(If So Equipped) Sheet Metal Damage Keep your wheels clean using a soft clean cloth with mild soap and water. Rinse with clean water. After rinsing thoroughly, dry with a soft clean towel. A wax may then be applied. The surface of these wheels is similar to the painted surface of your vehicle. Don’t use strong soaps, chemicals, abrasive polishes, abrasive cleanersor abrasive cleaning brushes on them because you could damage the surface. Don’t take your vehicle through an automatic vehicle wash that has silicon carbide tire cleaning brushes. These brushes can also damage the surfaceof these wheels. If your vehicle is damaged and requires sheet metal repair or replacement, make sure the body repair shop applies anti-corrosion material to the parts repaired or replaced to restore corrosion protection. Tires Finish Damage Any stone chips, fracturesor deep scratchesin the finish should be repaired right away. Bare metal will corrode quickly and may develop into a majorrepair expense. Minor chips and scratches canbe repaired with touch-up materials available from your dealeror other service outlets. Larger areas of finish damage can be corrected in your dealer’s body and paint shop. To clean your tires,use a stiff brush with a tire cleaner. I NOTICE: When applying a tire dressingalways take careto wipe off any oversprayor splash from all painted surfaces on the body or wheels of the vehicle. Petroleum-based products maydamage the paint finish. 6-57 Underbody Maintenance Chemical Paint Spotting Chemicals used for ice and snow removal and dust control can collect on the underbody.If these are not removed, accelerated corrosion (rust) can occuron the underbody parts such as fuel lines, frame, floor pan and exhaust system even though they have corrosion protection. Some weather and atmospheric conditions can createa chemical fallout. Airborne pollutants can fall upon and attack painted surfaces on your vehicle. This damage can take two forms: blotchy, ringlet-shaped discolorations, and small irregular dark spots etched into the paint surface. At least every spring, flush these materials from the underbody with plain water. Clean any areas where mud and other debriscan collect. Dirt packed in closed areas of the frame should be loosened before being flushed. Your dealer oran underbody vehicle washing system can do this for you. Although no defect in the paint job causes this, GM will repair, at no charge to the owner, the surfaces of new vehicles damaged by this fallout condition within 12 months or 12,000 miles (20 000 km) of purchase, whichever occurs first. This applies only to materials manufactured and sold by General Motors. Bodies, body conversions or equipment not made or sold by General Motors arenot covered. 6-58 Appearance Care Materials Chart 6-59 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Service Parts IdentificationLabel You’ll find this label on the front passenger door frame. It’s very helpful if you ever need to order parts. On this label is: I!E I SAMPLE4UXTM072675 I I II your VIN, the model designation, paint information, and 0 This is the legal identifier for your vehicle. It appears on a plate in the front corner of the instrument panel, on the driver’s side. You can see it if you look through the windshield from outside your vehicle. The VIN also appears on the Vehicle Certification and Service Parts labels and the certificates of title and registration. Engine Identification The eighth character in your VIN is the engine code. This code will help you identify your engine, specifications and replacement parts. 6-60 a list of all production options and special equipment. Be sure that this label is not removed from the vehicle. Electrical System Headlamp Wiring Add-on Electrical Equipment The headlamp wiring is protected by a circuit breaker in the lamp switch.An electrical overload will cause the lamps to flickeron and off, or in some cases to remain off. If this happens, have your headlamp wiring checked right away. NOTICE: Don’t add anything electrical to your vehicle unless you check with your dealer first. Some electrical equipment can damage your vehicle and the damage wouldn’t be covered by your warranty. Some add-on electrical equipment can keep other components from working as they should. Your vehicle has an air bag system. Before attempting to add anything electricalto your vehicle, see “Servicing Your Air Bag-Equipped Vehicle” in the Index. Windshield Wiper Fuses The windshield wiper motor is protected by a circuit breaker and a fuse. If the motor overheats due to heavy snow, etc., the wiper will stop until the motor cools. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload dueto heavy snow, etc., may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clearice and heavy snow from the the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by some electrical problem and not snow, etc., be sure toget it fixed. Power Windows and Other Power Options Circuit breakers in the fuse panel protect the power windows and other power accessories. When the current load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes. This protects the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. 6-61 Instrument Panel FuseBlock ~ The fuseblock access door is on the driver’s side of the instrument panel below the hood release lever. feature of your vehicle that you can get along without -- like the radio or cigarettelighter -- and use its fuse, if it is of the value you need. Replace it as soon as you can. See “Fuses and Circuit Breakers” in the Index for more information. FUSE BLOCK INFORMATION (u 30A hD You can remove fuses with a fuseextractor. The fuse extractor is mounted to the fuseblock access door. To remove fusesif you don’t have a fuseextractor, hold the end of the fuse between your thumb and index finger and pull straight out. Be sureto use the correct fuse.If you ever have a problem on the road and don’t have aspare fuse, you can “borrow” one of the correct value. Just pick some 6-62 E F ~ d 1 ; :1 a 20A 10A F D I O q $2 9 25A 15990609 CIRCUITS PROTECTED POSITION NAME 1. STOP Stop/CHMSL, Stoplamps 2. HTD MIR Electric Heated Mirrors 3. CTSY Courtesy Lamps, Dome/RDG Lamps, Vanity Mirrors, Power Mirrors 4 GAUGES IP Cluster, DRL Relay, DRL Module, HDLP Switch, Keyless Entry Illumination, Low CoolantModule, CHIME Module, DRAB Module 5. Hazard Hazard LampsKHIME Module 6. CRUISE Cruise Control 7. PWR AUX Auxiliary Power Outlet, ALDL 8. Crank 9. PARK LPS License Plate Lamp, Parking Lamps, Taillamps,Front Sidemarkers, Glove Box Ashtray 10. AIR BAGS SDM 11. WIPER Wiper Motor, Washer Pump 12. HTR-A/C N C , A/C Blower, High Blower Relay, HTD Mirror 13. CIG LTR Power Amp, Cigarette Lighter, Door Lock Relay 14. ILLUM LP Cluster, HVAC Controls, RR HVAC Controls, IP Switches, Radio Illumination, Door Switch Illumination 15. DRL DRL Relay 6-63 POSITION 16. NAME TURN B/U CIRCUITS PROTECTED Front Turn, RR Turn, Back-up Lamps, BTSI Solenoid 17. RADIO- 1 Radio (Ign, Accy) 18. BRAKE 4WAL PCM, ABS, Cruise Control 19. RADIO-B Radio (Battery), Power Antenna 20. TRANS PRNDL, Automatic Transmission 21. RR FOG Rear Window Defog 22. Not Used 23. Not Used 24. RR HVAC RR HVAC Controls, HIGH, MED, LOW Relays A.7- PWR ACCY Power Door Lock, Six-Way Power Seat, Keyless Entry Illumination Module €3.7 PWR WDO Power Windows ?Circuit Breaker Do not use fuses of higher amperage than those recommended above. Fuse amperage levels are also imprinted on the fuse panel under the dash. 6-64 Capacities and Specifications Normal Maintenance Replacement Parts Replacement part numbers listed in this section are based on the latest information available at the time of printing, and are subject to change.If a part listed in this manual is not the same as the part used in your vehicle when it was built, or if you have any questions, please contactyour GM truck dealer. These specifications are for informationonly. If you have any questions, see the service manual for the chassis or refer to the body manufacturer’s publications. Engine Identification-- Gasoline Engines Engine “VORTEC” 4300 “VORTEC” 5000 V6 V8 M SFI Type VIN Code Fuel System w SFI’ Sequential Central Port Fuel Injection “VORTEC” 5700 V8 R SFI’ “VORTEC” 7400 V8 J SFI~ 2Sequential Multi-Port Fuel Injection Wheel Nut Torque MODEL All TORQUE 122 ft-lb ( 165 N-m) L LC Cooling System Capacity ENGINE “VORTEC” 4300 “VORTEC” 5000 “VORTEC” 5700 “VORTEC” 7400 W M R J QTY Without Rear Heater* 11 quarts ( 10.4 L) 17 quarts ( 16 L) 17 quarts ( 16 L) 23 quarts (2 1.8 L) QTY With Rear Heater* 14 quarts(13.2 L) 20 quarts (18.9 L) 20 quarts ( 18.9 L) 26 quarts (24.6 L) After refill,the level MUST be checked as outlinedunder “Engine Cooling System”in Section 5. *All quantities are approximate. Crankcase Capacity ENGINE VIN Quantity With Filter “VORTEC” 4300 W 4.5 quarts (4.3 L) “VORTEC” 5000 M 5 quarts (4.8 L) “VORTEC” 5700 R 5 quarts (4.8 L) “VORTEC” 7400 J 7 quarts (6.5 L) All quantities are approximate. After refill, the level MUST be checked as outlined under “Engine Oil And Filter Recommendations” in Section 5. *Add an additional quart ( 1 L) for RPO 521 and RPO KL5 Models. Fuel Tank Capacity QUANTITY TYPE 3 1 gallons (1 17.3 L) Standard Tank Cutaway Standard Tank 35 gallons (132 L) Cutaway Optional Tank 55 gallons (208.2 L) All quantities are approximate. Normal Replacement Parts 00 “VORTEC” Engine VIN Oil Filter Air Cleaner Filter* lve PCV Spark Plugs Fuel Filter Cap Radiator w PF52 A9 17C CV789C 4 1-932 GF48 1 VORTEC” 5000 M PF1218 A9 17C cv774c “VORTEC” 5700 R PF1218 A9 17C cv774c “VORTEC” 7400 J PF1218 A917C cv774c 4 1-932 GF48 1 RC36 4 1-932 4 1-932 GF48 1 RC36 GF48 1 RC36 *For severe dusty conditions, use AC Air Filter, Part No. 1236C. 6-67 Air Conditioning Refrigerants Not all air conditioning refrigerants are the same. If the air conditioningsys&m in your vehicle needs refrigerant, be sure the proper refrigerant is used. If you’re not sure, ask yourGM dealer. u TYPE Refrigerant R- 134a QTY Front Only 3.00 lbs. (1.36 kg) QTY Front and Rear 4.875 lbs. (2.21 kg) Lamp and Bulb Data LAMP OR BULB HEADLAMPS 2 Headlamp System (Sealed BeamSystem) Low/High Beam 4 Headlamp System (Composite Headlamp System) Low/High Beam High Beam TRADE NO. POWER RATING AT 12.8V, WATTS H6054 35/65 2 6052 9005 51 60 2 2 LAMP ORBULB EXTERIOR Front Sidemarker Lamp Front Park and Turn Lamp Rear Parking Lamp Rear Stop and Turn Lamp Back-up Lamp Back-up Lamp Rear Park, Stopand Turn Lamp CHMSL License Plate Lamp Underhood Lamp Reel Lamp TRADE NO. 194 2357NA 3057 3057 2 4 3156 1156 1157 92 1 I94 232 232 6-69 LAMP OR BULB INTERIOR Dome Lamps Reading Lamps IP Courtesy Lamp Stepwell Lamp instrument Panel Compartment Lamp Ashtray Lamp Sunshade Vanity Mirror TRADE NO. LAMP OR BULB INSTRUMENT PANEL Daytime Running Lamps Indicator Charging System Indicator Lamp instrument Cluster Illumination Headlamp Beam Indicator Turn Signal Indicator Brake Warning indicator SIR (Air Bag) Safety Belt Warning Check Gages Indicator Malfunction Indicator (“Service Engine Soon”) Lamp TRADE NO. 6-70 21 1-2 21 1-2 194 194 194 194 74 74 74 194 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 3 6 2 214 1 1 4 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 NOTES 6-71 NOTES 6-72 Section 7 Maintenance Schedule Introduction IMPORTANT: KEEP ENGINE OIL AT THE PROPER ,EVEL AND CHANGE A: RECOMMENDED This section coversthe maintenance required for your vehicle. Your vehicle needs these services toretain its safety, dependability and emission control performance. GP” m Protection Plan Your Vehicle and the Environment Proper vehicle maintenancenot only helpsto keep your vehicle in good working condition,but also helps the environment. All recommended maintenance procedures are important. Improper vehicle maintenance can even affect the quality of the air we breathe. Improper fluid levels or the wrong tire inflation can increase the level of emissions from yourvehicle. To help protect our environment, andto keep your vehiclein good condition, pleasemaintain your vehicle properly. Have you purchased the GM Protection Plan? The Plan supplements your new vehicle warranties. Seeyour Wurranty and Owner Assistance booklet,o r your GM dealer for details. 7-1 How This Section is Organized The remainderof this section is divided into fiveparts: “Part A: Scheduled Maintenance Services” shows what to have done and how often. Some of these services can be complex, so unless you are technically qualified and have the necessary equipment, you should let your dealer’s service department or another qualified service center do these jobs. kerformmg maintenance work on a vehicle can be dangerous. In trying todo some jobs, YOU can be seriously injured. Do your own maintenance work only if you have the required know-how and the propertools and equipment for the job. If you have any doubt, have a qualified technician do the work. If you are skilled enough to do somework on your vehicle, you will probably want to get the service information GM publishes. See “Service and Owner Publications’’ in the Index. 7-2 “Part B: Owner Checks and Services” tells you what should be checked whenever you stop forfuel. It also explains what you can easily do to help keep your vehicle in good condition. “Part C: Periodic Maintenance Inspections” explains important inspections that your GM dealer’s service department or another qualified service center should perform. “Part D: Recommended Fluids and Lubricants” lists some products GM recommends to help keep your vehicle properly maintained. These products, or their equivalents, should be used whether you do the work yourself or have it done. “Part E: Maintenance Record” provides a place for you to record the maintenance performed on your vehicle. Whenever any maintenance is performed, be sure to write it down in this part. This will help you determine when your next maintenance should be done. In addition, it is a good idea to keep your maintenance receipts. They may be needed to qualify your vehicle for warranty repairs. Part A: Scheduled Maintenance Services Using Your Maintenance Schedule We at General Motors want to help you keep your vehicle in good working condition. But we don’t know exactly how you’ll drive it. You may drive very short distances only a few times a week. Or you may drive long distances all the time in very hot, dusty weather. You may use your vehicle i n making deliveries. Or you may drive it to work, to do errands or in many other ways. Because of all the different ways people. use their GM vehicles, maintenance needs vary. You may even need more frequent checksand replacements than you‘ll find in the schedules in this section. So please read this section and note how you drive. If you have any questions on how to keep your vehicle in good condition, see your GM dealer. This part tells you the maintenance services you should have done and when you should schedule them.If you go to your dealer for your service needs, you’ll know that GM-trained and supported service people will perform the work using genuine GM parts. The proper fluids and lubricants to use are 1iste.d in Part D. Make sure whoever services your vehicle uses these. All parts should be replaced and all necessary repairs done before you or anyone else drivesthe vehicle. I nese schedules are forvehicles that: 0 carry passengers and cargo within recommended limits. You will find these limits on your vehicle’s CertificatiodTire label. See “Loading Your Vehicle” in the Index. 0 are driven on reasonable road surfaces within legal driving limits. 0 use the recommended fuel. See “Fuel“ in the Index. Selecting the Right Schedule First you’ll need to decide which of the two schedules is right for your vehicle. Here’s how to decide which schedule to follow: Gasoline engine vehicles and diesel engine vehicles have different maintenance requirements. If you have a diesel engine, follow a schedule designated for diesel engine vehicles only. See the Diesel Engine Supplement for diesel engine maintenance schedules. 7-3 Maintenance Schedule I Short Trip/City Definition -- Gasoline Engines I Follow the Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule if any one of these conditions is true for your vehicle: Short Trip/City Intervals -- Gasoline Engines 1 Most trips are less than 5 to 10 miles (8 to 16 km). This is particularly important when outside temperatures are below freezing. Every 3,000 Miles (5 000 km): Engine Oil and Filter Change (or 3 months, whichever occurs first). Chassis Lubrication (or 3 months, whichever occurs first). Drive Axle Service (or 3 months, whichever occurs first). Most trips include extensive idling (such as frequent driving in stop-and-go traffic). At 6,000 Miles (10 000 km) Then Every 12,000 Miles (20 000 km): Tire Rotation. -- You frequently tow a trailer or use a carrier on top of your vehicle. (With some models, you should never tow a trailer. See “Towing a Trailer” in the Index.) Every 15,000 Miles (25 000 km): Air Cleaner Filter Inspection, if driving in dusty conditions. Shields and Underhood Insulation Inspection (GVWR above 8,500 Ibs. only). Thermostatically Controlled Engine Cooling Fan Check (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Front Wheel Bearing Repack (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). If the vehicle is used for delivery service, police, taxi or other commercial application. Every 30,000 Miles (50 000 km): Air Cleaner Filter Replacement. Fuel Filter Replacement. Most trips are through dusty areas. You frequently tow a trailer or use a carrier on top of your vehicle. One of the reasons you should follow this schedule (f you operate your vehicle under anyof these conditions is that these conditionscuuse engine oil to break down soonex Every 50,000 Miles (83 000 km):Automatic Transmission Service (vehicles over 8600 GVWR or driven under severe conditionsonly). Maintenance Schedule I ShortTripKityIntervals -- GasolineEngines I Every 60,000 Miles (100 000 km): Engine Accessory Drive Belt Inspection. FuelTank, Cap and Lines Inspection. Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Inspection. Evaporative Control System Inspection. Every 100,000 Miles (166 000 km): Cooling System Service (or evezy 60 months, whichever occursfirst). Spark Plug Wire Inspection.Spark Plug Replacement. Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve Inspection. Long WplHighway Definition -- ,asoline Engines 1 Follow this maintenance schedule only if none of the conditions from the Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule is true. Driving a vehicle with afully warmed engine under highway conditions causes engine oil to break down slowel: These intervals only summarize maintenance services. Be sure to followthe complete maintenance scheduleon the following pages. 7-5 - Maintenance Schedule I LongTripMighwayIntervals -- Gasoline En Every 7,500 Miles (12 500 km): Engine Oil and Filter Change (orevery 12 months, whichever occurs first). Chassis Lubrication (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Drive Axle Service. -- At 7,500 Miles (12 500 km) Then Every 15,000 Miles (25000 km): Tire Rotation. Every 15,000 Miles (25 000 km): Shields and Underhood Insulation Inspection (GVWR above 8,500 lbs. only). Thermostatically Controlled Engine Cooling Fan Check (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Every 30,000 Miles (50 000 km): Fuel Filter Replacement. Air Cleaner Filter Replacement. Front Wheel Bearing Repack (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). Every 50,000 Miles (83 000 km): Automatic Transmission Service (vehicles over8600 GVWR or driven under severe conditions only). 1,ong ‘lrip/Highn.ay Intervals -- GasolineEngines Every 60,000 Miles (100 000 km): Engine Accessory Drive Belt Inspection. Fuel Tank, Cap and Lines Inspection. Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Inspection. Evaporative Control System Inspection. Every 100,000 Miles (166 000 km): Cooling System Service (or every 60 months, whichever occurs first). Spark Plug Wire Inspection. Spark Plug Replacement. Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve Inspection. These intervals only summarizemaintenance services. Be sure to follow the complete maintenance schedule on the following pages. Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I The services shown in this schedule up to 100,000 miles (166 000 km) should be performed after 100,000 miles (166 000 km) at the same intervals. ** Drive axle service: 0 Locking Differential -- Drain fluid and refill at first engine oil change. At subsequent oil changes,check fluid level and add fluid asneeded. If driving in dusty areas or towing a trailer, drain fluid and refill every 15,000 miles (25 000 km). 0 Standard Differential -- Check fluid level and add fluid as needed at every oil change.If driving in dusty areas or towing a trailer, drain fluid and refill every 15,000 miles (25 000 km). 0 More frequent lubricationmay be required for heavy-duty use. Footnotes The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or the California Air Resources Board has determined that the failure to perform this maintenance itemwill not nullify the emission warranty or limit recallliability prior to the completion of the vehicle’s useful life. We, however, urge that all recommended maintenance services be performed at the indicated intervals and the maintenance be recorded. # Lubricate the front suspension, kingpin bushings, steering linkage and rear driveline center splines. 7-7 I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 3,000 Miles (5 000 km) 6,000 Miles (10 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE 7-8 ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation’’ in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. -- Short TkipKity Maintenance Schedule Gasoline Engines 9,000 Miles (15 000 km) 12,000 Miles (20 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** I DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: I I DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y 7-9 Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines 15,000 Miles (25 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Inspect air cleaner filter if you are driving in dusty conditions. Replace filter if necessary. An Emission Control Service. Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. :k* 0Clean and repack the front wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). 7-10 0Vehicles With GVWR Above 8,500 lbs. On'ly: Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjust or replace as required. This is (I Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United Stlltes. t 0If your engine hasa thermostatically controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly.This is a Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United Sfates. I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 18,000 Miles (30 000 km) 21,000 Miles (35000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Ernissiot?.Control Service. 17 Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation” in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. w 7-11 I Short TriplCity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 24,000 Miles (40 000 km) 27,000 Miles (45000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever ’ occurs first). 17 Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE 7-12 ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule-- Gasoline Engines 30,000 Miles (50 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0If your engine has a thermostatically controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly. This is a Noise 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Clean and repackthe fiont wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). 0Replace fuel filter. An Emission Control Service. Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation” in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. 3- 0Replace air cleaner filter. An Emission Control Service. 0Vehicles With GVWR Above 8,500 lbs. Only: I DATE I ACTUAL MILEAGE ISERVICED B Y I Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjustor replace as required. This is a Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. 7-13 1 -- Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule Gasoline Engines 33,000 Miles (55000 km) I 36,000 Miles (60 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service, An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** I I DATE 7-14 3 I ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: I DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines 39,000 Miles (65 000 km) 42,000 Miles (70 000 km) 0Change engineoil and filter (or every 0Change engineoil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid leveland add fluid as needed. ** 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation” in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer tothe appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. 7-15 Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines 45,000 Miles (75000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Vehicles With GVWR Above 8,500 lbs. 3 months, whichever occurs first). Only: Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjust or replace as required. This is a Noise Emission An Emission Control Service. Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Clean and repack the front wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). 0Inspect air cleaner filter if you are driving in dusty conditions. Replace filter if necessary. An Emission Control Service. 7 Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. 0If your engine has a thermostatically controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly. This is a Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. I DATE I ACTUAL MILEAGE (SERVICED B Y I I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 50,000 Miles (83 000 km) 48,000 Miles (80 000 km) 0Change automatic transmission fluid and Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). filter if the vehicle’s GVWR is over 8600 lbs. or if the vehicle is mainly driven under one or more of these conditions: - In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 90 O F (32 O C) or higher. - In hilly or mountainous terrain. - When doing frequent trailer towing. - Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** I f you do not useyour vehicle under any of these conditions, thefluid andfilter do not require changing. I I I DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: 1 DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: 7-17 I Short Trip/City Maintenance Schedule-- Gasoline Engines 51,000 Miles (85000 km) Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** ACTUAL MILEAGE 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). A n Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. DATE 54,000 Miles (90 000 km) SERVICED BY: 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation’’ in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 57,000 Miles (95 000 km) 60,000 Miles (100 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Clean and repack the front wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). El Vehicles With GVWR Above 8,500 lbs. Only: Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjust or replace as required. This is n Noise Emission I DATE I ACTUAL MILEAGE ISERVICED BY: I Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. (Continued) 7-19 -- Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule Gasoline Engines I 60,000 Miles (100 000 km) (Continued) 0If your engine has a thermostatically 0Conduct evaporative control system controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly.This is ~1 Noise inspection. Check all fuel and vapor lines and hoses for proper hook-up, routing and condition. Check that the purge valve works properly (if equipped). Replace as needed. Emission Control Service. Applicable o ~ ~tol y vehicles sold in the United States. An Emission Control Service. 0Replace air cleaner filter. 0Inspect engine accessory drive belt. An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Inspect fuel tank, cap and lines for damage 0Replace fuel filter. or leaks. Inspect fuel cap gasket for any damage. Replace parts as needed. An Emission Control Service. Conduct Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system inspection as described in the service manual. An Emission Control Service. ? 7-20 AFIEmission Control Service. I 3 I I DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines I 63,000 Miles (105 000 km) 66,000 Miles (110 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote# (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation” in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. SERVICED B Y 7-21 Short TripKity Maintenance Sryedule -= Gasoline Engines 69,000 Miles (115 000 km) 72,000 Miles (120 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE 7-22 ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: -- Short Trip/City Maintenance Schedule Gasoline Engines 75,000 Miles (125 000 km) 0Change engineoil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Clean and repack the front wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). 0Inspect air cleaner filter if you are driving in dusty conditions. Replace filter if necessary. An Emission Control Service. Check axle fluid leveland add fluid as needed. ** 0Vehicles With CVWR Above 8,500 lbs. Only: Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjust or replace as required. This is u Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. 0If your engine has a thermostatically controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly. This is u Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: 7-23 I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule-- Gasoline Engines I 78,000 Miles (130 000 km) 81,000 Miles (135 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation’’ in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. I DATE 7-24 I ACTUAL MILEAGE ISERVICED BYJ Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y I Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule 84,000 Miles (140 000 -=- ~ ~ -- Gasoline Engines I 87,000 Miles (i '5 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y 7-25 I Short Trip/City Maintenance Schedule -- Gasolin-1 90,000 Miles (150 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** 0Clean and repack the front wheel bearings (or at each brake relining, whichever occurs first). 0Replace fuel filter. An Emission Control Service. 7-26 0Replace air cleaner filter. An Emission Control Service. 0Rotate tires. See “Tire Inspection and Rotation” in the Index for proper rotation pattern and additional information. During tire rotation, check brake calipers for freedom of movement. Refer to the appropriate GM service manual for proper caliper service procedures. 0Veh’icles With GVWRAbove 8,500 lbs. Only: Inspect shields and underhood insulation for damage or looseness. Adjust or replace as required. This is a Noise Emission Control Service. Applicable only to vehicles sold in the United States. Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule-- Gasoline Engines 93,000 Miles (155 000 km) 0If your engine has a thermostatically controlled cooling fan, inspect all hoses and ducts for proper hook-up (or every 12 months, whichever occurs first). Be sure the valve works properly. This i s LL Noise Emissior2 Control Service. Applicableorrly to vehic*iess o l ~ in l the United States. DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED BY: 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Conttd Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed %:!: DATE ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y 7-27 I -- Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule Gasoline Engines I 96,000 Miles (160 000 km) 99,000 Miles (165 000 km) 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 0Change engine oil and filter (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 3 months, whichever occurs first). An Emission Control Service. An Emission Control Service. 0Lubricate chassis components; see 0Lubricate chassis components; see footnote ## (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** footnote # (or every 3 months, whichever occurs first). 0Check axle fluid level and add fluid as needed. ** DATE 7-28 ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y I I DATE I ACTUAL MILEAGE SERVICED B Y 3 Short TripKity Maintenance Schedule -- Gasoline Engines 100,000 Miles (166 000 km) 0Drain, flush and refill cooling system (or every 60 months since last service, whichever occurs first). See “Engine Coolant’’ in the Index for what to use. Inspect hoses. Clean radiator, condenser, pressure cap and neck. Pressure test cooling system and pressure cap. An Emission Control Service. 0Inspect spark plug wires. An Emission Control Service. 0Replace spark plugs. An Emission Control Service. 0Change automatic transmission fluid and filter if the vehicle’s GVWR is over 8600 lbs. or if the vehicle is mainly driven under one or more of these conditions: - - In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 90°F (32°C) or higher. In hilly or mountainous terrain. When doing frequent trailer towing. Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service. If’you do not use your vehicle under an? of these conditions, the.fluid und